Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

of Information and Communication Technologies, from their theoretical foundations to practical implementation
Topics will include
Architecture of Computer Systems
Operating systems and software
Network technologies and telecommunications
ICTs in the professional field
Perspective trends of ICTs

ICT and its objectives
The role of ICT in key sectors of the development of society
Standards in the field of ICT
Internet of the future. Content technologies and information management
Cybersecurity.

an umbrella term that includes any communication device or application,
encompassing: radio, television, cellular phones, computer and network hardware and software, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and applications associated with them, such as videoconferencing and distance learning.
ICTs are often spoken of in a particular context, such as ICTs in education, health care, or libraries.
(techtarget.com)

society

Telecommunications
ICT in Education
ICT in Public Sector Management
ICT in Health
ICT in Agriculture and Food Security

society Telecommunications

Telecommunication is the transmission of signs, signals, messages, words, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic systems. 
Telecommunication take place when the exchange of information between communication participants includes the use of technology. It is transmitted either electrically over physical media, such as cables, or via electromagnetic radiation

society ICT in Education

ICT can improve the efficiency and quality of education at all levels. Part of ICT's strategy to support its education policy principles is promoting "experimentation with, and dissemination of, innovative strategies and technologies in education." This involves developing appropriate e-applications to help of learning and teaching

propagation, spread, distribution

society ICT in Public Sector Management

E-government is the use of ICT to promote more efficient and cost-effective government, facilitate more convenient government services, allow greater public access to information, and make government more transparent and accountable to citizens

society ICT in Health

ICT can be a powerful tool for improving health and related services. ICTs projects are helping to improve dissemination of public health information, bridge the gap in consultation, diagnosis, and treatment between resource-rich and resource-poor hospitals, facilitate learning, enhance the ability to monitor diseases and other health issues, and make health administration more efficient

society ICT in Agriculture and Food Security

ICT efforts are raising agricultural productivity and the quality of life of farmers and the rural poor by improving information flows, communication, and access to reliable, up-to-date information. This enables strategic decision-making by farmers and prevents or mitigates losses caused by natural disasters

Criteria
Hardware
Platforms and Applications
Documentation and Support Services

You can find full information about standards ICT in here:
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Standards and Guidelines (US)
https://www.access-board.gov/attachments/article/490/draft-rule.pdf
Development of ten standards for ICT field (Qazaqstan) https://zerde.gov.kz/en/press/news/Development-of-ten-standards-for-ICT-field/#hcq=EQgCxvq

Systems
ICT2 – 2016: Thin, Organic and Large Area Electronics
ICT3 – 2016: SSI – Smart System Integration
ICT4 – 2017: Smart Anything Everywhere Initiative
ICT5 – 2017: Customized and low energy computing
ICT6 – 2016: Cloud Computing

http://www.hermes-europe.net/files/horizon-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-challenges-vnov12a.pdf

distributed and connected digital technologies that are embedded in a multitude of increasingly autonomous physical systems with various dynamics and satisfying multiple critical constraints including safety, security, power efficiency, high performance, size and cost.

http://www.hermes-europe.net/files/horizon-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-challenges-vnov12a.pdf

frontier
Main frame computing (60’s-70’s)
Large computers to execute big data processing applications
Desktop computing & Internet (80’s-90’s)
One computer at every desk to do business/personal activities
Embedded computing (21st Century)
“Invisible” part of the environment
Transformation of industry

Number of microprocessor units per year
Millions in desktops
Billions in embedded processors
Applications:
Automotive Systems
Light and heavy automobiles, trucks, buses
Aerospace Systems
Airplanes, space systems
Consumer electronics
Mobile phones, office electronics, digital appliances
Health/Medical Equipment
Patient monitoring, MRI, infusion pumps, artificial organs
Industrial Automation
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems for chemical and power plants
Manufacturing systems
Defense
Source of superiority in all weapon systems

Cyber-Physical Systems

processes are so tightly integrated that it is not possible to identify whether behaviors are the result of computations, physical laws, or both working together
where functionality and salient system characteristics are emerging through the interaction of physical and computational objects

Cyber-Physical Systems

point of service
Hospital, OR, ICU, …, EMT?
Home care: monitoring and control
Pulse oximeters (oxygen saturation), blood glucose monitors, infusion pumps (insulin), accelerometers (falling, immobility), wearable networks (gait analysis), …
Operating Room of the Future (Goldman)
Closed loop monitoring and control; multiple treatment stations, plug and play devices; robotic microsurgery (remotely guided?)
System coordination challenge
Progress in bioinformatics: gene, protein expression; systems biology; disease dynamics, control mechanisms

Images thanks to Dr. Julian Goldman, Dr. Fred Pearce

Transformation of Industries: Health Care and Medicine

October (Europe), 2003
Better future?
Real-time cooperative control of protection devices
Or -- self-healing -- (re-)aggregate islands of stable bulk power (protection, market motives)
Ubiquitous green technologies
Issue: standard operational control concerns exhibit wide-area characteristics (bulk power stability and quality, flow control, fault isolation)
Context: market (timing?) behavior, power routing transactions, regulation

Images thanks to William H. Sanders, Bruce Krogh, and Marija Ilic

Transformation of Industries: Electric Power Grid

to develop and manufacture smart objects and systems that closely integrate sensors, actuators, innovative MEMS, processing power, embedded memory and communication capabilities, all optimizing the use of supply power. This will require technology breakthroughs notably in integration, miniaturization with additional functionalities and mastering complexity.

http://www.hermes-europe.net/files/horizon-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-challenges-vnov12a.pdf

Microelectromechanical systems

a core component of products in all market sectors.
The trend towards “Smart Anything Everywhere” must be supported by innovations allowing a very significant reduction of the cost and complexity of software development for modern architectures, and of the energy footprint of computation and communication.
Software development is the key challenge, because current programming tools do not fully support emerging system architectures.

http://www.hermes-europe.net/files/horizon-2020/summary-ict-leit-2016-2017-and-challenges-vnov12a.pdf

describe a new class of network based computing that takes place over the Internet,
basically a step on from Utility Computing
a collection/group of integrated and networked hardware, software and Internet infrastructure (called a platform).
Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware, software and networking services to clients
These platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API (Applications Programming Interface).

that are always on, anywhere, anytime and any place.
Pay for use and as needed, elastic
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
The hardware and software services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and businesses markets

a password
Agree to Terms

The Cloud Requires

for storing programs, documents, pictures, videos, presentations, etc…

Computer Storage

Standard Computer Tower or Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Inside the Computer

THAT computer
Cannot access this content from another device or computer

Internal Storage

and stored on the internal drive

Programs

become mobile
Save to the storage device
Take device to any compatible computer
Open and use content

data.
Data is not saved to the C: drive, but to a network drive
Can retrieve the data stored to the network from any of the connected workstations.

Networked Storage

where to save the material.

Saving documents

Internal Storage

External Storage

Network

account in the cloud
Log onto any computer with Wi-Fi to find your content

Cloud Storage

lives on your Computer
Save files to the app
When connected to the Internet it will sync with the cloud
The Cloud can be accessed from any Internet connection

Downloads for storage

the cloud
The syncing folders makes data retrieval easier
Box and DropBox require this download to work

Save file as

on hard drive, network, or external storage
Upload to cloud storage

Upload Documents

5 GB

5 GB

2 GB

7 GB

retrieve files, must return to the cloud

Internet is required

program
No computer can do anything without a program or Computer cannot do anything without a program
A programming language is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.
The person contributing the idea of the stored program was John von Neumann
The language that the computer can understand and execute is called Machine language

Programming

Application software
Multiprogramming system execute more jobs in the same time period
Device driver type of program allows communication between a peripheral device, such as a mouse or printer, and the rest of the computer system
PASCAL is the computer program language which is widely used in computer science and engineering and also in business

Programming

is known as Coding
A computer program consists of Algorithms written in computer's language
A computer program that converts an entire program into machine language at one time is called a compiler
The purpose of an application program is to meet specific user needs
Programmed instructions to the computer is known as code

Programming

to Peopleware
A step-by-step procedure used to solve a problem is called Algorithm
A prewritten program that's sold to perform a common task is called an application Package
A computer program that instructs other programs to perform a particular type of operation is System software
A acronym for the organization that publishes programming language standard is ANSI

Programming

systems, organic electronics, large area integration, systems of systems and complex system engineering
Next generation computing
Processor and system architecture, interconnect and data localization technologies, cloud computing, parallel computing and simulation software
Future Internet
Networks, software and services, cyber security, privacy and trust, wireless communication and all optical networks, immersive interactive multimedia and connected enterprise

interaction, digital preservation, content access and analytics; advanced data mining, machine learning, statistical analysis and visual computing
Advanced interfaces and robots
Service robotics, cognitive systems, advanced interfaces, smart spaces and sentient machines
Key Enabling Technologies: Micro- nano-electronics and photonics
Design, advanced processes, pilot lines for fabrication, related production technologies and demonstration actions to validate technology developments and innovative business models

the theft or damage to the hardware, software or the information on them, as well as from disruption ( failure) or misdirection of the services they provide.

Watson D. Cambridge IGCSE ICT. - London: Hodder Education Group, 2015. -439 p. [BW]
Williams, B. K. and Sawyer, S. Using information technology: A practical introduction to computers & communications.- New York: McGraw-Hil., - 8th ed. 2010. -563 p. [WS]
Alternative Textbook:
Watson, D. and Williams, H. – Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science: Hodder Edu.; 3 ed. 2015.-278 p. [W]
Additional resources:
Evans, V. Information technology. Books 1-3: English for specific purposes .- 5th impr.- Newbury: Express Publishing, 2014.- 40 p. [E]