The prominent fighters for Kazakhstan independence

independence
1.Outstanding persons of Kazakh nation
2.Interaction of the intellectual elite of the Turkic-Muslim peoples of the Russian Empire
3. Participation of the Kazakhs in activity of the I and II State Dumas of Russia
4. Petition’s movement

of the Kazakh youth.
Strengthening the colonial policy required from the Kazakh national intelligentsia new tactics and strategy.
the obtaining the freedom was going through the political struggle to find new ways and means of struggle.
The idea of Muslim unity of all peoples, based on the pan-Islamic movement, served to unite the Turkic- Muslim movement of Russian colonies and contributed to the growth of anti-Russian sentiment.
At the turn of the century the growth of national consciousness was largely due to the merger of two ideas — enlightenment and religion, received its final shape in Jadidism.
It should be noted that the Kazakh intelligentsia formed its national ideology of the national liberation movement of the Kazakh people — Alash.

were A.Baitursynov, A.Bokeykhanov and M.Dulatov and others

of Alash, Commissioner of the Provisional Government in Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan’s first Prime Minister;
He was born in Karkaralinsk district of Semipalatinsk region, and was a descendant of the Sultans of the Middle Zhuz. A.N. Bukeikhanov educated at St. Petersburg Institute of Forestry.
In 11-18 October 1905 (Moscow) – Congress with creation of the Constitutional Democratic Party, where A.Bokeykhanov was a Delegate of the Congress from Omsk

five areas Kazakhstan in Uralsk .
The Congress was decided to establish a branch of the Kazakh National Cadet Party.
In July 9, 1906 by the decree of Nicholas II First Duma was dissolved; and A.N. Bukeikhanov was among the signatories of the Vyborg manifesto against the dissolution of the Duma, for which he was arrested.

first, decided to organize a national newspaper, which would become
- the mouthpiece of the national communications,
-to revival of the people and understanding role of activity Kazakh people.
1913-1918- The newspaper was named "Kazakh”. The outstanding representatives of the national intelligentsia were involved for the newspaper. There were:

and state official, educator, linguist, literary critic, turcologist, translator);
M. Dulatov one of poet, prose writer (1885-1935 years), his first collection of poems "Oyan, Kazakh" ( "Wake up, Kazakh") came out in 1909. ( one of the leaders of Alash Orda Government and the national liberation movement in Kazakhstan);
B. Karataev 1860-1934
- The other initiator of the Kazakh Congress in Uralsk, and creator of a national branch of the Kadet party -a descendant of Abulhairb -khan.
a deputy of the State Duma II;

various ideological and political opinions and trends among the national intelligentsia:
"Kazakh" - the idea of ​​a liberal-democratic direction, around the consolidated of A. Bukeikhanov, A. Baitursynov, M. Dulatov and others.
The publisher and editor of "Aikap" was M. Seralin. J. Sydalin, B. Karataev, S. Toraigyrov, S. Seifullin, B. Maylin collaborated in this journal and Publications of the newspaper and magazine
-expressed national ideas,
- the interests of the Kazakh people, its colonial status.

Russian Empire

Crisis of the beg XX c. led to activity of different representatives of Russian society:
In 1905 - 2 documents:
Regulation of 17 April 1905 became the significant document for Muslims with declaration the principle of religious tolerance
is not allowed forcible retention in the faith,
the transition to Islam should not have been prosecuted.
Manifesto of October 17, 1905,
-declared the basic civil liberties, including freedom of conscience. These and other legal acts, starring many of the existing restrictions for the Muslims, reflecting a process of gradual reorientation of Russian society and the state of the legal system on the principles of bourgeois right-centered individual freedom. However, the process by 1917 has not been completed.
In the early XIX century religious and political reaction of Muslims of Russia took two main forms: religious revivalism and reformism

- one of the main tendencies of the Muslim reform -reform of the religious education system
The old Muslim school (madrassa)
-gave knowledge, consisting of religious and moral values;
-paid little attention to other forms of knowledgein.
Dzhadidist’s schools were designed
-to make great efforts to connect modern (including Western) knowledge and Islamic culture,
-to introduce modern science in Islamic knowledge.
This meant the introduction of elements of the secular model of perception of the world based on the principles of rationality.
The formation of the ideology of the national liberation movement began with
-a reference to the national culture and the revival of interest in the national language,
-to fostering a sense of patriotism and formation of national consciousness.

Russia on the Volga River.
Meeting was chaired by Ismail Bey Gasprinskii.
The main idea about the unification of all Russian Turkic Muslims into one organization for a successful defense of their interests received the full support of the Congress.
It was decided to create a party "Ittifak al-Muslimin" («Muslim Union"), which was to all legal means to fight for the abolition of "all limitations imposed upon Muslims applicable governmental regulations and administrative practices, and full of Muslims equation in all rights: political, civil and religious ".

1871-1875 travelled to Europe, visited Egypt, India, Turkestan;
In 1881 published his famous work "Russian Islam: Thoughts, Notes and Observations of a Muslim" in which he criticized the education system and internal policy of the Tsarist Government towards the nations

strengthening cultural cooperation of Turkic-speaking peoples, (the Volga-Ural region and Western Kazakhstan)
This manifested development and rising of the national movement among the Turkic-speaking peoples.
Jadid’s reform of Islamic education, religion and way of life, a requirement to develop national culture means the spiritual affirmation and ideological justification of the Turkic peoples

Some sources, including the articles of A. Bukeykhanov, A. Baytursynov, M. Dulatov, and others, outline how respectfully Kazakh intellectuals behaved towards the ideas and activity of Ismail Gasprinski.
As a result, by spring 1917 the leaders of the future party had seriously developed concept of identity of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state

Russia

The 1 Duma lasted from April to July 1906
-The Duma elected brightest representatives of different political parties, people and different regions of the country.
-In the works of Duma a lot of attention was paid to the problems of
public education and the development of cultural-national autonomy,
protection of national minorities from the tyranny of officials.
Parliamentary ideas were picked up and saved by the progressive intelligentsia at that time

-to respect national interests,
raise the problem of the Kazakh people;
Representatives of Kazakhstan
- joined to the Muslim faction of the Duma, and actively participated in the drafting of the agrarian law.
- insisted on the transfer of land to the provinces, on the need to take attention to nomadic population not only the interests of sedentary people.
The deputies worked only 72 days, only 39 managed to hold meetings.
But during in this time the needs and aspirations of the Kazakhs became the property of the general public.
The work of the State Council attended by Kazakhs-Deputes from Turgay region - A. Birimzhanov, Ufa - S. Zhantoreev, Ural - A. Kalmenov, Astrakhan - D. Noyan-Tupdutov, Akmola - Sh Kosshigulov and Semipalatinsk - A. Bukeikhanov

region - Sh Kosshigulov,
Turgay - Court Officer A. Birimzhanov,
Semipalatinsk - T. Nurek,
Semirechye’s region - engineer M. Tynyshbaev,
Syrdarya - a merchant T. Allabergenuly,
Ural - lawyer B. Karatay,
Astrakhan province - lawyer B. Cullman.
Kazakh people’s representatives entered into the commission of the State Duma.
Ahmet Birimzhanov went to the commission for drafting the Law on the Elimination of courts-martial,
Bakhytzhan Karatay - the Commission of consideration of letters, statements and petitions, for the freedom of conscience and the agrarian commission
Mukhamedzhan Tynyshbaev - in the agrarian commission.

Kazakh people’s struggle for their rights:
Karkaralinsk petition
1905 at the Congress of Kazakh nobility near Karkaralinsk on Koyandy-Botov fair drawn up
signed by 42 influential Kazakh of the Karkarala district of Semipalatinsk region;
composed in Omsk , then forwarded to Karkaralinsk, and June 22, 1905 sent to the Tsar.
In drawing up the petition actively conducted by A.Bukeyhanov, A.Baytursynov, Zh.Akbaev, T.Nurekenov and others.
Petition, addressed to the Minister of Internal Affairs, translated into Russian by T.Nurekenov. It consisted of 47 items.
Copies of Karkaralinsk petition to the Tsar were sent to editors of Russian newspapers.
The petition asked to solve religious issues, education and justice, land issues

Orenburg Spiritual Assembly. Kazakhs demanded:
- a ban visit of Kazakh villages by the Orthodox missionaries;
- a ban on the age of majority of the Kazakhs, the transition to another religion.
In questions of Education and the Kazakh language:
- Offered compulsory teaching basics of Islam in schools, but then and later learning to read and write Russian.
-Against the teaching of Christianity in the schools of Kazakhs.
-Using of the Kazakh language in offices.
-Ensure that officers knew the Kazakh language.
-Clerks, messengers and guards must be from the local population

summer and winter pastures in the solving of land question
Return the ground taken from the steppe for the past 20 years
Allow free use of the forests, salt lakes and fish.
Kazakhs demanded to transmit free land of the Kazakh nomads only to Muslim-Bashkirs.