Содержание
- 2. Outline Introduction Visual illusions Pictorial perception 4. Intelligence across cultures 4.1 General Intelligence ‘g’ 4.2 Indigenous
- 3. Readings Berry, et al (2011). Cross-cultural Psychology. Chapters 9 and 6. Segall, M. H., Campbell, D.
- 4. 1. Introduction The field of study called culture and cognition includes a number of related phenomena:
- 5. 1. Introduction The 1899 expedition to the Torres Strait Islands by Rivers examined a number of
- 8. 2. Visual Illusion Susceptibility One of the classics of ccp are studies of susceptibility to visual
- 9. 2. Carpentered World Hypothesis Susceptibility to angled illusions [such as the Muller-Lyer arrows, and the Sander
- 10. © Cambridge University Press 2011 Mueller-Lyer illusion (carpentered world hypothesis)
- 11. © Cambridge University Press 2011 Sander parallelogram (carpentered world hypothesis)
- 12. 2. Foreshortening Hypothesis Susceptibility to the horizontal-vertical illusion is promoted for people who experience long distances
- 13. Horizontal-vertical illusion (foreshortening hypothesis)
- 14. 3. Perception of Depth in Pictures The recognition of objects in drawings requires previous experience of
- 15. © Cambridge University Press 2011 Two of Hudson’s (1960) pictures
- 16. 3. Perception of Depth in Pictures The perception of depth involves depth cues: - relative size,
- 17. 4. Cognition -Introduction The study of cognition, cognitive abilities and intelligence has been controversial for many
- 18. 4. Intelligence There are three explanatory frames that were historically used to describe or interpret the
- 19. 4. General Intelligence There is evidence that many tests of cognitive ability are correlated, leading to
- 20. 4. General Intelligence Many criticisms have been raised about such studies: - A distinction has to
- 21. 4. General Intelligence The tradition of claiming that there is one kind of intelligence (quality) that
- 22. Lynn (2006): World Distribution of Intelligence
- 23. 4.2 Indigenous Conceptions of Intelligence Most cultures have a clear notion of what they consider to
- 25. 5. Cognitive Styles Cognitive styles are a person’s preferred way of processing information and dealing with
- 26. 5.1. Field Dependence-Independence Witkin found that a number of abilities were related to each other in
- 27. 5.1. Field Dependence-Independence The construct of FD-FDI refers to the extent to which an individual typically
- 28. 5.1 Field Dependence-Independence The cognitive style of people in a culture is related to their ecological
- 29. 5.1 Field Dependence-Independence * Research has found that a relatively field-dependent cognitive style is prevalent in
- 30. 5.1 Field Dependence-Independence
- 31. 5. 1 Cognitive Styles African Embedded Figures test One of the common tasks used to assess
- 33. 5.1 Cognitive Styles Although sometimes used as a measure of general intelligence, Ravens Matrices have also
- 35. 5.2. East / West Cognitive Styles Research on cognitive styles in Eastern and Western cultures has
- 36. 5.2. East / West Cognitive Styles He further argued that in agricultural communities, “causality would be
- 37. 5.2. East/ West Cognitive Styles In this work, a distinction is made between more holistic, and
- 38. 5.2. East/ West Cognitive Styles Nisbett denies that “everyone has the same basic cognitive processes…or that
- 39. 5.2. East/ West Cognitive Styles These tasks include: the presentation of objects in contexts, and asking
- 40. 5.2. East/ West Cognitive Styles The conclusion that there are qualitative differences in basic processes, however,
- 41. 5.2. East/West Cognitive Styles Two issues are important here: - First, we see no evidence of
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