Culture and verbal communication

Август 24, 2022

Главная
Культурология
Culture and verbal communication

Содержание

2. The concept of communication Origins: Latin word communicare = ‘to make common’, i. e., sharing codes
3. Language is fixed and context-free , language´= ‘a set of abstract systems whose meaning reside in
4. The transformation Over the last three decades: applied linguistics has extended its scope of interest to
5. Language and culture as inextricable phenomena When participating in communicative activities, the linguistic symbols that we
6. Hall’s high-context and low-context theory The reflection of culture in language and the impact of language
7. Direct and indirect communication style The communication style used by members of a particular culture also
8. Eloquence elaborate and succinct communication style Eloquence elaborate style: using rich and expressive language is more
9. Personal and contextual communication style Personal style: typical for a culture, in which the stress is
10. Instrumental and affective communication style Instrumental style: goal-oriented, preferred in low-context societies, where, for example, orders
11. What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004) English = language of action: putting
12. What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004) Asian languages: Languages of the Sino-Tibetan
13. SUMMARY What do you know about the concept of communication? What was the focus of applied
15. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

The concept of communication
Origins: Latin word communicare = ‘to make common’,

i. e., sharing codes to reach different communication goals, such as to fulfil tasks, exchange thoughts and knowledge.
Every single social interaction involves communication.
Communication as an academic discipline: deals with verbal and nonverbal symbols used to share understanding and meaning.
Studied by other scientific fields: neurology, psychology, philosophy and anthropology, which define communication according to their focus.
Liu et al. (2011): communication as the process of using verbal and nonverbal symbols, systems and media in order to share information in a particular cultural setting.
This perception reveals the interrelation between culture and communication, as culture can also be identified as a code that is learnt and shared within the process of communication (Róka and Hochel, 2009).
Two types: verbal (spoken and written language) and nonverbal communication (body language).

Слайд 3

Language is fixed and context-free
, language´= ‘a set of abstract systems

whose meaning reside in the forms themselves rather than in the uses to which they are put’ (Hall, 2002, p. 7-8).
Noam Chomsky’s: language is governed by a fixed and context-free set of principles.

Слайд 4

The transformation
Over the last three decades: applied linguistics has extended its

scope of interest to such fields as linguistic anthropology and philosophy, communication, cultural psychology and social theory;
Shift from the structure of isolated linguistic elements to language use in real-world settings.
Reconceptualization of language and culture, transformation of applied linguistics.

Слайд 5

Language and culture as inextricable phenomena
When participating in communicative activities,

the linguistic symbols that we use with others are conventionalized = developed by sociocultural communities of which we are members. This perspective links culture inextricably to language.
Origins in the theory of Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir, the fathers of linguistic relativism: the structural elements of specific languages used by members of particular cultural groups reflect the worldview of these groups (1940, in Risager, 2006).
Dell Hymes (1972, in Malota and Ariel, 2013): language = a context-dependent social activity.
Michael Halliday: ‘the essential role of the theory of language to explain the social foundations of the language system’ (in Hall, ibid., p. 25-26, Malota and Ariel, ibid., Róka and Hochel, ibid.).

Слайд 6

Hall’s high-context and low-context theory
The reflection of culture in language

and the impact of language on culture can also be illustrated by Hall’s high-context and low-context theory (1996, in Delgadová, 2010).
High-context cultures: the communication patterns and preferences have a rather implicit character, relying on the context of the information and are hidden in the physical setting or in beliefs, values, and standards.
Low-context cultures: the meaning is explicit and literal due to the elaborated system of codes for developing and interpreting messages.

Слайд 7

Direct and indirect communication style
The communication style used by members of

a particular culture also shows great variation across cultures.
Direct communication style: expressing the speaker’s thoughts, intentions, etc., explicitly; typical for Western culture;
Indirect communication style: the message is only implied and is to be decoded by ‘reading between the lines’ and is preferred in high-context societies, e.g. Asian cultures.

Слайд 8

Eloquence elaborate and succinct communication style
Eloquence elaborate style: using rich and

expressive language is more likely to be used in low-context, Western cultures;
Succinct style: appreciating simple language and silence, can be identified in high-context cultures.

Слайд 9

Personal and contextual communication style
Personal style: typical for a culture,

in which the stress is put on the individual and their personal goals (Western countries);
Contextual style: the formality and status are highlighted more (Asian cultures).

Слайд 10

Instrumental and affective communication style
Instrumental style: goal-oriented, preferred in low-context societies,

where, for example, orders are expressed directly and explicitly;
Affective style: process-oriented, preferred by high-context cultures taking into consideration other people’s reactions (Liu et al, ibid.).

Слайд 11

What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004)
English

= language of action:
putting the subject in the first place in a sentence - the responsibility and central role of people in the universe.
key position of the verb amongst word classes: draws attention to the importance of activities conducted by people,
direct and indirect objects: who and what these activities are affected by.
it uses ‘rational, linear, cause/effect thinking, anchored in space and time’ - reality is measurable;
frequent use of ‘I’ and ‘me’ – the role of individuals;
English communicators prefer direct, explicit, rational and personal messages;

Слайд 12

What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004)
Asian

languages:
Languages of the Sino-Tibetan family do NOT believe in objective reality - try to ‘capture impression, an overall emotional quality, and subjective, experiential thinking’ (ibid., p. 59);
Verbal communication is minimized;
Silence is highly valued;
‘I’ and ‘me’ are rarely used - speakers of Asian countries prefer indirect and impersonal messages;

Слайд 13

SUMMARY
What do you know about the concept of communication?
What was the

focus of applied linguistics in the past and how has it changed?
Explain how culture and language are mutually interrelated.
How is communication different in low-context and high-context cultures?
What communication styles are typical for them?
What is the difference between: direct and indirect, eloquence elaborate and succinct, personal and contextual, instrumental and affective communication style?
What does the English language reveal about English-speaking cultures?
What can we learn about Asian cultures through their languages?

Culture and verbal communication

Содержание

The concept of communicationOrigins: Latin word communicare = ‘to make common’,

Language is fixed and context-free, language´= ‘a set of abstract systems

The transformationOver the last three decades: applied linguistics has extended its

Language and culture as inextricable phenomena When participating in communicative activities,

Hall’s high-context and low-context theory The reflection of culture in language

Direct and indirect communication styleThe communication style used by members of

Eloquence elaborate and succinct communication styleEloquence elaborate style: using rich and

Personal and contextual communication style Personal style: typical for a culture,

Instrumental and affective communication styleInstrumental style: goal-oriented, preferred in low-context societies,

What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004) English

What different languages reveal about culture? (Reynolds and Valentine, 2004) Asian

SUMMARYWhat do you know about the concept of communication?What was the

Похожие презентации