Linguistic class codes

Июль 29, 2022

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Linguistic class codes

Содержание

2. Contents Class in modern English culture The English talk a) The vowels vs consonants rule b)
3. Class in Modern English Culture Since 1960’s “How do you do ?” was out of use
4. The English are still very class-conscious. Class of the person can be defined by: Talk Car
5. Classes
6. The English Talk The way HOW and WHAT the English speak is always connected with class.
7. The vowels vs Consonants Rule Upper class drops vowels: Lower class drops consonants: “hnkrchf” “hpstn” Handkerchief
8. Upper and middle classes pronounce consonants correctly Lower class: Th →f/v : “that” → “vat”; “teeth”
9. Mispronunciation is a Lower-class marker. “BBC English” ‘educated’ English Pronounces all the sounds Upper-class English More
10. Regional Accents Are getting more popular on TV/radio BUT they were and are automatically Lower-class.
11. Seven Deadly Sins There were and still are plenty of class-indicator words. Some are outdated already,
12. Pardon For Upper “Pardon” is worse than swearing. Say something too quietly and people will answer:
13. Toilet Toilet Bathroom, heads, gents/ladies, privy Lavatory, loo, bog
14. Serviette Serviette Napkin
15. Dinner Midday meal Big evening meal Tea: 4 o’clock 8 o’clock
16. Settee Sofa Settee Coach
17. Lounge Sitting room Drawing room Lounge Living room
18. Sweet Sweet Dessert Pudding
19. ‘smart’ and ‘Common’ Rules ‘posh’ = ‘smart’ ‘common’ - working class = ‘Naff’ Is used to
20. Class-denial Rules To avoid class-consciousness there are ‘ politically correct words – euphemisms. “Working class” →
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Слайд 2

Contents
Class in modern English culture
The English talk
a) The vowels vs

consonants rule
b) The seven deadly sins
c) “Smart” and “Common” rules
d) class-denial rules
3. Conclusion

Слайд 3

Class in Modern English Culture
Since 1960’s “How do you do

?” was out of use and the class system was no more.
So, what rules must the English stick to nowadays?

Слайд 4

The English are still very class-conscious.
Class of the person can be

defined by:
Talk
Car
Dress
Food
House exc.

Слайд 5

Classes

Слайд 6

The English Talk
The way HOW and WHAT the English speak is

always connected with class.
The main factors are:
Terminology
Pronunciation

Слайд 7

The vowels vs Consonants Rule
Upper class drops vowels:
Lower class drops consonants:
“hnkrchf”
“hpstn”

Handkerchief
Half past ten
“ankercheef”
“alf past ten”

Слайд 8

Upper and middle classes pronounce consonants correctly
Lower class:
Th →f/v :
“that”

→ “vat”; “teeth” → “teef”
Final g→k:
Something → “somefink”, Nothing → “nuffink”
Say ‘a’ longer: “Daaave”

Слайд 9

Mispronunciation is a Lower-class marker.
“BBC English”
‘educated’ English
Pronounces all the sounds
Upper-class English
More

educated than Lower-class speech
Swallows vowels

Слайд 10

Regional Accents
Are getting more popular on TV/radio
BUT they were and are

automatically Lower-class.

Слайд 11

Seven Deadly Sins
There were and still are plenty of class-indicator words.

Some are outdated already, but these “Seven Deadly Sins” are class-defining.

Слайд 12

Pardon
For Upper “Pardon” is worse than swearing.
Say something
too quietly and

people will
answer:

What
Sorry
Pardon

Слайд 13

Toilet
Toilet
Bathroom, heads,
gents/ladies, privy
Lavatory, loo, bog

Слайд 14

Serviette
Serviette
Napkin

Слайд 15

Dinner
Midday meal
Big evening meal
Tea:
4 o’clock
8 o’clock

Слайд 16

Settee
Sofa
Settee
Coach

Слайд 17

Lounge
Sitting room
Drawing room
Lounge
Living room

Слайд 18

Sweet
Sweet
Dessert
Pudding

Слайд 19

‘smart’ and ‘Common’ Rules
‘posh’ = ‘smart’
‘common’ - working class = ‘Naff’
Is

used to identify lower class.
Or bad taste.
Something uncool or mainstream.

Слайд 20

Class-denial Rules
To avoid class-consciousness there are ‘ politically correct words –

euphemisms.
“Working class” → “ low-income groups”, “ordinary people”, “less educated”
Use the word “Background” to state class.