Cross-cultural and intercultural communication

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Understand what involves cross-cultural and intercultural communication, be aware of its

Understand what involves cross-cultural and intercultural communication, be aware of its

boundaries, theories and key terms

Make a distinction between cross-cultural and intercultural communication. Define the place of cross-cultural communication in the “network” of sciences

Understand the main dimension of cultural variability

See the difference between horizontal and vertical cultures

Be aware of the difference between low and high context communication

Know the principle of monochronic and polychronic time in the theory of CCC

Primary sources of cross-cultural miscommunication

Module Objectives

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Distinction between Cross-cultural and Intercultural communication (William B. Gudykunst, 2003) 1.

Distinction between Cross-cultural and Intercultural communication
(William B. Gudykunst, 2003)

1. Definitions &

ICC on the crossroads of sciences

Intercultural pragmatics, discourse analysis, cross-cultural psychology, applied linguistics

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Individualism-collectivism is the major dimension of cultural variability used to explain

Individualism-collectivism is the major dimension of cultural variability used to explain

differences and similarities in communication across cultures
Individualism-collectivism exists
At cultural level
At the individual level

2. Cultural variability and its major dimensions

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Replace this text with information relevant to the course. Divide the

Replace this text with information relevant to the course. Divide the

text into paragraphs for easier reading.
To replace the photo, delete the image and click on the picture icon in the blank area, then select a new photo on your computer.

60/40 Layout

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Triandis, 1995, argues that individualistic and collectivistic cultures can differ whether

Triandis, 1995, argues that individualistic and collectivistic cultures can differ whether

relations among individuals in the culture are horizontal or vertical.

3. Horizontal and vertical cultures

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Gudykunst and Ting Toomey (1988) : Low-context communication predominates in individualistic

Gudykunst and Ting Toomey (1988) :
Low-context communication predominates in individualistic and

high-context communication predominates in collectivistic cultures

4. Low and high context communication

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It is blocked into the allotments Monochronic cultures = one thing

It is blocked into the allotments
Monochronic cultures = one thing at

a time
They do not value interruptions.
They take time commitments very seriously.

Monochronic time

If you live in the United States, Canada, or Northern Europe, you live in a monochronic culture. If you live in Latin America, the Arab part of the Middle East, or sub-Sahara Africa, you live in a polychronic culture.

Polychronic time

Polychronic cultures = multiple things at the same time,
They change plans often and easily but have a tendency to build lifetime relationships.

5. Polychronic and monochronic time cultures.

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LaRay Barna (1997) has identified 6 primary sources of CC miscommunication

LaRay Barna (1997) has identified 6 primary sources of CC miscommunication

Assumption

of similarities

Language differences

Nonverbal misinterpretations

Preconceptions and stereotypes

Tendency to evaluate

High anxiety

6 primary sources of cross-cultural miscommunication

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The problem with communication … is the illusion that it has been accomplished George Bernard Shaw

The problem with communication … is the illusion that it has

been accomplished
George Bernard Shaw