Ergonomics

Июль 31, 2022

Содержание

2. ERGONOMICS-What is it? Derived from two Greek words: “Nomoi” meaning natural laws “Ergon” meaning work Hence,
3. History As early as 18th century doctors noted that workers who required to maintain body positions
4. Static work: musculoskeletal effort required to hold a certain position, even a comfortable one. Example: sit
5. Elements at work (cont) Force: amount of tension our muscles generate Example: tilting your head forward
6. 3 Main Ergonomic Principles: Work activities should permit worker to adopt several different healthy and safe
7. The average person working at a keyboard can perform 50,000 to 200,000 keystrokes a day Overexertion,
8. A Bit of Anatomy !! Overuse and small repetitive movements ie: CTD, RSI, MSD disturb balance
9. What causes Nerve Compression or Entrapment? Repeated motions Tight muscles Inflammation of surrounding tissues Misalignment of
10. What are 4 Common Nerve injuries? Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: brachial plexus compression d/t muscle tightness side
11. Nerve injuries (cont) Radial tunnel syndrome: compressed radial nerve @ outside of elbow d/t repetitive wrist
12. Nerve injuries (cont) Cubital tunnel syndrome: ulnar nerve compression inside of the elbow d/t repetitive bending
13. Nerve injuries (cont) Carpal tunnel syndrome: compression of median nerve at level of carpal tunnel Where
14. Tendons and Tendonitis Tendons are connective tissue that attach muscle to bone; have little stretch or
15. What to do ?? Warm up & stretch before activities that are repetitive, static or prolonged
16. Maintain erect position of back & neck w/ shoulders relaxed Position equipment & work directly in
17. Avoid bending neck forward for prolonged periods of time (*remember quadruple the force); use a copy
18. Modify Tasks: Alternate activities frequently; rotate heavy &/or repetitive tasks w/ lighter less repetitive ones. If
19. Use the largest joints & muscles to do the job Use 2 hands to lift rather
20. Correct & Incorrect Techniques
21. Good and Bad of “ TILT”
22. ERGO REMINDERS from Stretchbreak.com
23. Practice Wellness at Work and Home ! Exercise Nutrition Relaxation Body Mind Spirit
24. MOVE BRE AT HE STRETCH
26. Скачать презентацию

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ERGONOMICS-What is it?
Derived from two Greek words:
“Nomoi” meaning natural laws
“Ergon” meaning

work
Hence, ergonomists study human
capabilities in relationship to work
demands

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History
As early as 18th century doctors noted that workers who required

to maintain body positions for long periods of time developed musculoskeletal problems.
Within last 20 years research has clearly established connections between certain job tasks and RSI or MSD.

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Static work: musculoskeletal effort required to hold a certain position, even

a comfortable one.
Example: sit & work at computers; keeping head and torso upright requires small or great amounts of static work depending on the efficiency of the body positions we chose.

What two elements are at work?

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Elements at work (cont)
Force: amount of tension our muscles generate
Example:

tilting your head forward or backward from a neutral, vertical position quadruples the amount of force acting on your lower neck vertebrae
Increased force is d/t increase in muscular tension needed to support head in a tilted position

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3 Main Ergonomic Principles:
Work activities should permit worker to adopt several

different healthy and safe postures.
Muscle forces should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups available
Work activities s/b performed with joints at about mid-point of their ROM (esp. head,trunk,UE)

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The average person working at a keyboard can perform 50,000 to

200,000 keystrokes a day
Overexertion, falls & RMI are the most common cause of workplace injury
An average of 125,000 back injuries due to improper lifting each year.
Muscles overuse results in tiny tears in the muscles and scarring; these contribute to inflammation and muscle stiffness

FACTS

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A Bit of Anatomy !!
Overuse and small repetitive movements ie: CTD,

RSI, MSD disturb balance of muscles, tendons, ligaments and nerves
Brachial plexus: nerve group that supply muscles and skin of UE, course down side of front of neck and become median, ulnar and radial nerves.
Nerves send signals to muscles to contract
When nerve compressed feel sensation somewhere b/w point of compression and fingertips

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What causes Nerve Compression or Entrapment?
Repeated motions
Tight muscles
Inflammation of surrounding tissues
Misalignment

of the nerve

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What are 4 Common Nerve injuries?
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: brachial plexus compression

d/t muscle tightness side of neck from poor head position or slumped posture.
S/Sx: numbness/tingling in hand, made worse w/overhead activities or cradling phone b/w ear and shoulder

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Nerve injuries (cont)
Radial tunnel syndrome: compressed radial nerve @ outside of

elbow d/t repetitive wrist & finger extension or turning of forearm
S/Sx: Sensations from elbow to base of thumb w/ wrist weakness a common sx

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Nerve injuries (cont)
Cubital tunnel syndrome: ulnar nerve compression inside of the

elbow d/t repetitive bending of elbow or resting your elbow on a hard surface
S/Sx: numbness or tingling and inside of arm w/ tingling to ring & little fingers

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Nerve injuries (cont)
Carpal tunnel syndrome: compression of median nerve at level

of carpal tunnel
Where is carpal tunnel? Formed @ wrist by ligament over the carpal bones in hand
S/Sx: numbness or tingling in thumb, index, or middle finger & ½ of ring finger; often awakened @ night by hand “falling asleep”
Sx increased by driving or attempting to hold objects; dropping objects is a common complaint

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Tendons and Tendonitis
Tendons are connective tissue that attach muscle to bone;

have little stretch or rebound
Tendon overuse, static or prolonged position=inflammation or tendonitis
Tendons of wrist & hand very small; @ high risk for injury w/ overuse
“Tennis elbow” or lateral epicondylitis affects finger extensor tendons outside of elbow
“Golfer’s elbow” or medical epicondylitis affects finger flexor tendons inside of elbow

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What to do ??
Warm up & stretch before activities that are

repetitive, static or prolonged
Take frequent breaks from ANY sustained posture every 20-30 minutes
Respect pain- positions or stop painful activity
Recognize early signs of inflammatory process, & tx early

PREVENT, PREVENT, PREVENT !!!

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Maintain erect position of back & neck w/ shoulders relaxed
Position equipment

& work directly in front of and close to your major tasks
Keep upper arms close to the body, elbows 90-100 degrees
Keep feet flat on floor, upper body weight resting on “sits bones”
Wrists as neutral as possible; safe zone for wrist movement is 15 degrees in all directions

Maintain Neutral Posture

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Avoid bending neck forward for prolonged periods of time (*remember quadruple

the force); use a copy holder
Avoid static positions for prolonged time; muscles fatigue---MOVE to circulation!

You talking to me?

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Modify Tasks:
Alternate activities frequently; rotate heavy &/or repetitive tasks w/ lighter

less repetitive ones.
If sx become worse REASSESS task setup & look for alternative methods
Avoid repetitive or prolonged grip activities
Avoid pinching w/ wrist in flexion or wrist deviation (bending to side)
Take frequent breaks to stretch & rest hands

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Use the largest joints & muscles to do the job
Use 2

hands to lift rather than one, even with light objects and tasks.
Avoid lifting w/ the forearm in full pronation (palm down) or supination (palm up)
Slide or push & pull objects instead of lifting
Keep reaching to a minimum
Carry objects close to body at waist level

Body Mechanics

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Correct & Incorrect Techniques

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Good and Bad of “ TILT”

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ERGO REMINDERS from Stretchbreak.com

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Practice Wellness at Work and Home !
Exercise
Nutrition
Relaxation
Body
Mind
Spirit

Слайд 24

Ergonomics

Содержание

ERGONOMICS-What is it?Derived from two Greek words:“Nomoi” meaning natural laws“Ergon” meaning

HistoryAs early as 18th century doctors noted that workers who required

Static work: musculoskeletal effort required to hold a certain position, even

Elements at work (cont) Force: amount of tension our muscles generate Example:

3 Main Ergonomic Principles: Work activities should permit worker to adopt several

The average person working at a keyboard can perform 50,000 to

A Bit of Anatomy !!Overuse and small repetitive movements ie: CTD,

What causes Nerve Compression or Entrapment?Repeated motions Tight muscles Inflammation of surrounding tissues Misalignment

What are 4 Common Nerve injuries?Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: brachial plexus compression

Nerve injuries (cont)Radial tunnel syndrome: compressed radial nerve @ outside of

Nerve injuries (cont)Cubital tunnel syndrome: ulnar nerve compression inside of the

Nerve injuries (cont)Carpal tunnel syndrome: compression of median nerve at level

Tendons and Tendonitis Tendons are connective tissue that attach muscle to bone;

What to do ??Warm up & stretch before activities that are

Maintain erect position of back & neck w/ shoulders relaxed Position equipment