Introduction to comparative politics. Social movements

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Introduction to comparative politics. Social movements

Содержание

2. Political attitudes Usually described according the right-left continuum. Pace and scope of political change in the
3. Left vs Right wing political views The fundamental differences centered around the rights of individuals vs.
4. Take the test!
5. Right vs Left
6. For a larger version, click on this link.
7. Political culture Societies’ norms for political activity. Modernization theory predicts that cultures change with economic development
8. Social movements An organized effort by a large number of people to bring about or impede
9. Social movements Contentious politics outside of parliaments. Contentious politics is the use of disruptive techniques to
10. Examples of social movements Suffragettes. Arab Spring. Occupy Wall Street. People for the Ethical Treatment of
11. Factors that contribute to collective behavior Structural factors that increase the chances of people responding in
12. Emergence The better the movements’ symbols, networks resources, the easier it will be to exploit even
13. Repertoires of contention Set of various protest-related tools and actions available to a movement or related
14. These groups might be attempting to create change (Occupy Wall Street, Arab Spring). To resist change
15. Other aims Many also tend to emphasize social changes in lifestyle instead of specific changes in
16. Are social movements left or right wing? Tendency to see them as left wings. Maybe because
17. Westboro Baptist Church
18. Social Movement Theories Relative Deprivation People compare achievements, become discontent and join social movements to get
19. Four stages of SM 1- Emergence Individualized, but widespread feelings of discontent and windows of opportunity.
20. 2- Coalescence The coming together of social movement constituents. This stage is marked by demonstrations and
21. 3- Co-optation This occurs when movement leaders are offered rewards by the movement’s opponents in order
22. 3- Bureaucratization Strategies are carried out by formal organizations and trained staff. Also known as formalization.
23. 4- Decline The end of mass mobilization. Decline can occur in five ways repression, co-optation, success,
24. SM need 1- organization 2- leadership 3-resouces
25. Impact of technology Social media has the potential to dramatically transform how people get involved. The
26. Rather than increasing engagement, he contends that social media only increases participation; after all, the cost
28. Скачать презентацию

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Political attitudes
Usually described according the right-left continuum.
Pace and scope of

political change in the balance of freedom and equality.
In modern societies, they also concern social issues: marriage, abortion, social care, immigration.
Transmitted through political parties, the society, the family.

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Left vs Right wing political views
The fundamental differences centered around the

rights of individuals vs. the power of the government.
They tend to have opposite views on social affairs too.
Left-wing beliefs (liberal) favor an expanded role for the government to insure the welfare of the people.
Right-wing beliefs (conservative) favor a limited role for the government to insure individual rights and civil liberties. Yet, often not on social issues.

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Take the test!

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Right vs Left

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For a larger version, click on this link.

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Political culture
Societies’ norms for political activity.
Modernization theory predicts that cultures change

with economic development → secular societies.
Counter-examples?
Does globalization lead to the liberalization of cultures around the world?
Changes greatly over time.
Ex: Egypt, conservatism in the US, LGBTQ rights etc.

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Social movements
An organized effort by a large number of people to

bring about or impede social change.
Differ in size but collective.
Based on shared beliefs and solidarity, which mobilize about conflictual issues, trough the frequent use of various forms of mobilization.
The collective challenges nourish sustained interactions with elites, opponents, and authorities.
Are different from political parties or interest groups in that they are not as hierarchic or bureaucratic.

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Social movements
Contentious politics outside of parliaments.
Contentious politics is the use of disruptive

techniques to make a political point, or to change government policy.
A movement is not necessarily an organization.
Ex: Occupy Wall Street has no leadership.
But organizations may be parts of a social movement.

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Examples of social movements
Suffragettes.
Arab Spring.
Occupy Wall Street.
People for the Ethical Treatment

of Animals (PETA).
The anti-globalization movement.
Examples from KZ?

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Factors that contribute to collective behavior
Structural factors that increase the

chances of people responding in a particular way.
Breakdown in social control mechanisms and corresponding feeling of normlessness.
Ex: state-building, wars (WW2, Vietnam), political isolation (Apartheid).

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Emergence
The better the movements’ symbols, networks resources, the easier it will

be to exploit even modest opportunities.
When successful, movements create opportunities for other movements, which can also borrow repertoires of contention from unrelated movements.

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Repertoires of contention
Set of various protest-related tools and actions available to

a movement or related organization in a given time frame.
Petitions.
Gatherings.
Demonstrations.
Riots.
Repeated use of the same repertoire diminishes its instrumental effectiveness and thus encourages tactical innovation.
The reason for the escalation and radicalization of tactics in many movement campaigns, condemning them to be successfully painted as "extremist" by their opponents and by the media.

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These groups might be attempting to create change (Occupy Wall Street,

Arab Spring).
To resist change (anti-globalization movement, Manif pour tous).
To provide a political voice to those otherwise disenfranchised (civil rights movements).

Social movements create social change

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Other aims
Many also tend to emphasize social changes in lifestyle instead

of specific changes in public policy or for economic change.
Ex: the Slow Food movement is in opposition to the fast-food lifestyle that is found unhealthy and unsustainable.

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Are social movements left or right wing?
Tendency to see them as

left wings.
Maybe because left-wing groups are more active?
They may be radical or conservative, highly organized or very diffused, they are all examples of social movements.
Manif pour tous, Tea Party, Pro-Life movements, Westboro Baptist Church.

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Westboro Baptist Church

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Social Movement Theories
Relative Deprivation
People compare achievements, become discontent and join

social movements to get their “fair share”.
Resource Mobilization
People participate in social movements when the movement has access to key resources.
New Social Movement
he focus is on sources of social movements, including politics, ideology, and culture. Race, class, gender, sexuality, and other sources of identity are also factors in movements such as ecofeminism and environmental justice.
Social Construction Theory:
Used to determine how people assign meaning to activities and processes in social movements.
New Social Movement T

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Four stages of SM 1- Emergence
Individualized, but widespread feelings of discontent and

windows of opportunity.
Movements in this stage lack clearly defined strategy for achieving goals and little organization.

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2- Coalescence
The coming together of social movement constituents. This stage is

marked by demonstrations and formulation of strategy.

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3- Co-optation
This occurs when movement leaders are offered rewards by the

movement’s opponents in order divert movement pressure.
For example, leaders can either be “paid off” or given a job by the movement’s target so as to divert leadership.

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3- Bureaucratization
Strategies are carried out by formal organizations and trained staff.

Also known as formalization.

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4- Decline
The end of mass mobilization. Decline can occur in five

ways repression, co-optation, success, and failure, and establishment within the mainstream.

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SM need
1- organization
2- leadership
3-resouces

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Impact of technology
Social media has the potential to dramatically transform how

people get involved.
The ability to organize without regard to geographical boundaries becomes possible using social media.
https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter21-social-movements-and-social-change/

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Rather than increasing engagement, he contends that social media only increases

participation; after all, the cost of participation is so much lower than the cost of engagement.

Introduction to comparative politics. Social movements

Содержание

Political attitudesUsually described according the right-left continuum. Pace and scope of

Left vs Right wing political viewsThe fundamental differences centered around the

Take the test!

Right vs Left

For a larger version, click on this link.

Political cultureSocieties’ norms for political activity.Modernization theory predicts that cultures change

Social movementsAn organized effort by a large number of people to

Social movementsContentious politics outside of parliaments.Contentious politics is the use of disruptive

Examples of social movementsSuffragettes.Arab Spring.Occupy Wall Street.People for the Ethical Treatment

Factors that contribute to collective behavior Structural factors that increase the

EmergenceThe better the movements’ symbols, networks resources, the easier it will

Repertoires of contentionSet of various protest-related tools and actions available to

These groups might be attempting to create change (Occupy Wall Street,

Other aimsMany also tend to emphasize social changes in lifestyle instead

Are social movements left or right wing?Tendency to see them as