Power Requirements of A Vehicle

Сентябрь 16, 2022

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Power Requirements of A Vehicle

Содержание

2. Animal Driven Vehicles
3. The Powering Engine Torque is: The speed of the vehicle in km/h is: rwheel = Wheel
4. Modern Cars are not Directly Driven!?!?!
5. High Way Driving Cycle
6. Urban Driving Cycle
7. Forces To be Overcome by an Automobile
8. Resistance Forces on A Vehicle The major components of the resisting forces to motion are comprised
9. Aerodynamic Force : Flow Past A Bluff Body Composed of: Turbulent air flow around vehicle body
10. Aerodynamic Resistance on Vehicle Dynamic Pressure: Drag Force: Aero Power
11. Cd = coefficient of drag ρ = air density ≈ 1.2 kg/m3 A = projected frontal
12. Aerodynamic Drag on An Accelerating Vehicles
15. Purpose, Shape & Drag
16. Shape & Components of Drag
17. Some examples of Cd: The typical modern automobile achieves a drag coefficient of between 0.30 and
18. 0.42 - Lamborghini Countach, 1974 0.42 - Triumph Spitfire Mk IV, 1971-1980 0.42 - Plymouth Duster,
19. 0.34 - Ford Sierra, 1982 0.34 - Ferrari F40, 1987 0.34 - Chevrolet Caprice, 1994-1996 0.34
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Слайд 2

Animal Driven Vehicles

Слайд 3

The Powering Engine Torque is:
The speed of the vehicle in km/h

is:

rwheel = Wheel Rolling Radius (meters)

Ideal capacity of Powering Engine:

Cycle Work to be done by an Engine Directly Powering the Vehicle

Ideal cycle work of A Powering Engine:

Слайд 4

Modern Cars are not Directly Driven!?!?!

Слайд 5

High Way Driving Cycle

Слайд 6

Urban Driving Cycle

Слайд 7

Forces To be Overcome by an Automobile

Слайд 8

Resistance Forces on A Vehicle
The major components of the resisting forces

to motion are comprised of :
Acceleration forces (Faccel = ma & Iα forces)
Aerodynamic loads (Faero)
Gradeability requirements (Fgrade)
Chassis losses (Froll resist ).

Слайд 9

Aerodynamic Force : Flow Past A Bluff Body
Composed of:
Turbulent air flow

around vehicle body (85%)
Friction of air over vehicle body (12%)
Vehicle component resistance, from radiators and air vents (3%)

Слайд 10

Aerodynamic Resistance on Vehicle
Dynamic Pressure:
Drag Force:

Aero Power

Слайд 11

Cd = coefficient of drag ρ = air density ≈ 1.2 kg/m3
A

= projected frontal area (m2)
f(Re) = Reynolds number
v = vehicle velocity (m/sec)
V0 = head wind velocity

Слайд 12

Aerodynamic Drag on An Accelerating Vehicles

Слайд 13

Слайд 14

Слайд 15

Purpose, Shape & Drag

Слайд 16

Shape & Components of Drag

Слайд 17

Some examples of Cd:
The typical modern automobile achieves a drag coefficient

of between 0.30 and 0.35.
SUVs, with their flatter shapes, typically achieve a Cd of 0.35–0.45.
Notably, certain cars can achieve figures of 0.25-0.30, although sometimes designers deliberately increase drag in order to reduce lift.
0.7 to 1.1 - typical values for a Formula 1 car (downforce settings change for each circuit)
0.7 - Caterham Seven
at least 0.6 - a typical truck
0.57 - Hummer H2, 2003
0.51 - Citroën 2CV
over 0.5 - Dodge Viper
0.44 - Toyota Truck, 1990-1995

Слайд 18

0.42 - Lamborghini Countach, 1974
0.42 - Triumph Spitfire Mk IV,

1971-1980
0.42 - Plymouth Duster, 1994
0.39 - Dodge Durango, 2004
0.39 - Triumph Spitfire, 1964-1970
0.38 - Volkswagen Beetle
0.38 - Mazda Miata, 1989
0.374 - Ford Capri Mk III, 1978-1986
0.372 - Ferrari F50, 1996
0.36 - Eagle Talon, mid-1990s
0.36 - Citroën DS, 1955
0.36 - Ferrari Testarossa, 1986
0.36 - Opel GT, 1969
0.36 - Honda Civic, 2001
0.36 - Citroën CX, 1974 (the car was named after the term for drag coefficient)
0.355 - NSU Ro 80, 1967

Слайд 19

0.34 - Ford Sierra, 1982
0.34 - Ferrari F40, 1987
0.34

- Chevrolet Caprice, 1994-1996
0.34 - Chevrolet Corvette Z06, 2006
0.338 - Chevrolet Camaro, 1995
0.33 - Dodge Charger, 2006
0.33 - Audi A3, 2006
0.33 - Subaru Impreza WRX STi, 2004
0.33 - Mazda RX-7 FC3C, 1987-91
0.33 - Citroen SM, 1970
0.32064 - Volkswagen GTI Mk V, 2006 (0.3216 with ground effects)
0.32 - Toyota Celica,1995-2005
0.31 - Citroën AX, 1986
0.31 - Citroën GS, 1970
0.31 - Eagle Vision
0.31 - Ford Falcon, 1995-1998
0.31 - Mazda RX-7 FC3S, 1986-91
0.31 - Renault 25, 1984
0.31 - Saab Sonett III, 1970
0.30 - Audi 100, 1983
0.30 - BMW E90, 2006
0.30 - Porsche 996, 1997
0.30 - Saab 92, 1947