Содержание
- 2. Introduction Honeybees are attacked both at brood and adult stages by microorganisms. The disease of honeybees
- 3. TYPES OF DISEASES : Protozoan -Nosema, Amoebic Bacterial- American and Europian Foul brood Fungal -Chalk brood,
- 4. Brood diseases American foul brood European foul brood Fungal brood diseases Chalk brood Stone brood Viral
- 5. American foul disease The most destructive microbial disease in temperate and sub-tropical region all over the
- 6. Diagnostic procedure: The simple test for AFD is the “Stretch test” A match stick or tooth
- 7. Feeding streptomycine in sugar syrup @ 0.05-0.15g/litre. Dust Terramycin(TM50) in powdered sugar (1.20) @ 4 tea
- 8. European foul Brood In India, except Maharastra, EFB has not been recorded so for in Apis
- 9. The color of the larvae changes from shiny white to pale yellow and then brown, as
- 10. Fungal Brood Diseases Chalk brood Cause: causative agent is Ascophaer apis It is a heterothallic fungus
- 11. Treatment: Equipment's should be sterilized using formalin or carbolic acid. 0. 7% of thymol has been
- 12. Stone Brood Cause: it is caused by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus flavus. Symptoms: Mummification of
- 13. Viral Diseases So far, the world over, 18 viruses have been found to infect honeybees. Thai
- 14. Kashmir bee virus Kashmir bee virus is related to the preceding viruses. Recently discovered, it is
- 15. Control measurements: use antibiotics such as Rifampin, Leavamisol, Amentidine along with vitamin B complex fed to
- 16. Adult Bee Diseases: The diseases of adult bees are caused by protozoa which are single celled
- 17. Disease of Adult Bees Apis Iridescent Virus Symptoms: Reduced egg laying / brood rearing. Bees become
- 18. Management of Viral Diseases: For viral pathogens, there is no chemical control. Affected colonies should be
- 19. Nosema Disease: This disease is caused by Nosema apis Zander. It is disease of adult bees.
- 20. Symptoms Bees start foraging at younger age. Bees feel fatigued, are less able to fly and
- 21. Mid intestine is swollen and if dissected, shows dull greyish white contents. Bees soil the hive
- 22. ACAROSIS (The Honey Bee Tracheal Mite) CAUSAL AGENT- honey bee tracheal mite, Acarapis woodi, a small
- 23. PLACE OF INFECTION: Trachea and body fluid MANAGEMENT:- Use of grease patties ( typically made from
- 24. VARROASIS (The Varroa Mite) CAUSAL AGENT: Asiatic varroa mite, Varroa destructor. Symptoms: Varroa reproduce on honey
- 25. PLACE OF INFECTION: Body and body fluid i.e. haemolymph MANAGEMENT: Apivar: Apivar is effective against varroa
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