Introduction to Enterobacteriaceae

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Enterobacteriaceae
Small gram-negative rods (2-5 by 0.5 microns)
Most motile with peritrichous flagella

Shigella and Klebsiella are nonmotile
Oxidase-negative facultative anaerobes
Reduce nitrate
Ferment glucose and other carbohydrates
Many genera
Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterobacter, Yersinia, etc.
Some strains opportunistic pathogens
Some strains true pathogens
Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, some strains of E. coli

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Ferment glucose
Reduce nitrates
NO3 to NO2 or all the way to

N2
Oxidase negative

Distinguishing Properties Associated with All Enterobacteriaceae:

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Gram-Positive Cell Wall

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Gram-Negative Cell Wall

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Antigenic Structure of Enterobacteriaceae
S. typhi
O antigen side chain
(Fimbriae)

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Diversity of Activities Associated with LPS

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ENDOTOXIN
1. Integral part of cell wall
2. Endotoxin is LPS; Lipid A

is toxic component
3. Heat stable
4. Antigenic; ??immunogenicity
5. Toxoids cannot be produced
6. Many effects on host
7. Produced by gram-negative organisms only

EXOTOXIN
1. Released from the cell before
or after lysis
2. Protein
3. Heat labile
4. Antigenic and immunogenic
5. Toxoids can be produced
6. Specific in effect on host
7. Produced by gram-positive and gram-negative organisms

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Structure of Lipopolysaccharide

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Structure of Lipid A
Hydrophobic Lipid A is endotoxic component

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Structure of Core Polysaccharide
KDO is distinctive sugar moiety in core

polysaccharide

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Repeat Units of O Antigen Side Chain
Heat stable O antigen

is often used to serotype

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Taxonomic Descriptions of Prokaryotes Based on Numbers and Arrangements of Flagella

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Polar Monotrichous, a single flagellum at one
or both ends of

the cell
Multitrichous, two or several flagella at one
or both ends of the cell
Lateral Flagella arise predominantly from the
middle pole of the cell
Monotrichous, one flagellum
Multitrichous, several flagella in the form
of a tuft originating from the midportion
of the cell
Peritrichous Random, haphazard arrangement of
flagella scattered around the bacterial cell
Mixed Two or more flagella exhibiting distinctly
different physical properties in different regions of the bacterial cell

Taxonomic Descriptions of Prokaryotes Based on Numbers and Arrangements of Flagella (cont.)

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Escherichia coli
Hypermotile
Swarming growth
Proteus vulgaris

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Family Enterobacteriaceae
(nonmotile)
(nonmotile)
True pathogen
True pathogen
True pathogen
Certain E .coli strains can be considered

true pathogens

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Citrobacter species
Enterobacter spp.
Escherichia spp.
Klebsiella spp.
Morganella spp.
Proteus spp.
Salmonella spp.
Serratia spp.
Shigella spp.
Yersinia spp.
Medically

Important Enterobacteriaceae

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Incidence of Enterobacteriaceae Associated with Bacteremia

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Sites of Infections with Members of the Enterobacteriaceae

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DNA Relatedness Among Common Enterobacteriaceae

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REVIEW

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Ferment glucose
Reduce nitrates
NO3 to NO2 or all the way to

N2
Oxidase negative

Distinguishing Properties Associated with All Enterobacteriaciae:

REVIEW

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Gram-Negative Cell Wall
REVIEW

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Antigenic Structure of Enterobacteriaceae
S. typhi
O antigen side chain
(Fimbriae)
REVIEW

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ENDOTOXIN
1. Integral part of cell wall
2. Endotoxin is LPS; Lipid A

is toxic component
3. Heat stable
4. Antigenic; ??immunogenicity
5. Toxoids cannot be produced
6. Many effects on host
7. Produced by gram-negative organisms only

REVIEW

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Structure of Lipopolysaccharide
REVIEW

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Taxonomic Descriptions of Prokaryotes Based on Numbers and Arrangements of Flagella
REVIEW

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Family Enterobacteriaceae
(nonmotile)
(nonmotile)
True pathogen
True pathogen
True pathogen
Certain E .coli strains can be considered

true pathogens

REVIEW

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Introduction to Enterobacteriaceae

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