Air Pollution

Август 22, 2022

Содержание

2. What is air pollution? Air pollution can be defined as the introduction of excessive quantities of
3. Types of air pollution Carbon dioxide Sulfur oxides Nitrogen oxides Carbon monoxide Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
4. Causes Dust Animals Radioactive decay Wildfires Vegetation Volcanoes Aircraft Vehicles Marine vessels Waste deposition in landfills
5. Dust Dust is composed of fine particles of solid matter. Dust is usually emitted through natural
6. Animals Animals produce methane in their digestion process. The emission of methane causes air pollution and
7. Radioactive decay Radon is a radioactive element which naturally occurs inside our earth. From there, it
8. Wildfires Wildfires often occur in areas with dry climate. They are often caused by human behavior
9. Vegetation Vegetation often emits large amounts of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), especially on warmer days, which
10. Volcanoes Volcanic activity can cause ash particulates, chlorine and sulphur to enter the air. Especially in
11. Aircraft Aircraft is a big source of air pollution. Airplanes emit large amounts of nitrogen-dioxide as
12. Vehicles The use of vehicles of all sorts are another great cause for air pollution. Emissions
13. Marine vessels Marine vessels burn fossil fuels and thus emit several air pollution gases. These include
14. Waste deposition in landfills The deposition of waste in landfills generates methane which even has a
15. Military sources Nuclear weapons, rocketry and toxic gases can also contribute to air pollution. Many countries
16. Fossil fuels The combustion of fossil fuels is a main source of air pollution. Fossil fuels
17. Mining During the mining process through blasting, drilling hauling, collection, and transportation, the air is polluted
18. Agriculture The production of ammonia as by-product of agricultural activities heavily contributes to the air pollution
19. Industry Industries and power plants produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other chemicals.
20. Private households Private households contribute to the air pollution process through their use of cars and
21. Effects Mortality Cardiovascular diseases Lung diseases Cancer Effects on the central nervous system Acid rain Global
22. Mortality According to the World Health Organization, 7 million people die from air pollution each year.
23. Cardiovascular diseases Air pollution plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Air pollution
24. Lung diseases Air pollution can cause lung diseases like COPD including chronic bronchitis and emphysema or
25. Cancer Exposure to polluted air also increases the probability for lung cancer. The exposure to contaminated
26. Effects on the central nervous system The central nervous system can also be adversely affected by
27. Acid rain The combustion of fossil fuels leads to a release of sulfur and nitrogen oxides
28. Global warming Global warming is one of the biggest challenges to humanity. One cause for global
29. Depletion of the ozone layer Through air pollution, the ozone layer is eventually depleted which can
30. Effects on animals Animals are also affected by air pollution. Since they have to breathe, they
31. Effects on agriculture There can also be agricultural effects from air pollution. For example, crop yields
32. Economic effects According to a joint study of the World Bank and the University of Washington,
33. Solutions Change in energy consumption behavior Reduce material consumption Avoid the use of cars Reuse and
34. Change in energy consumption behavior To mitigate the air pollution problem, it is crucial to reduce
35. Reduce material consumption All kinds of products of our daily life are manufactured in industries which
36. Avoid the use of cars In order to reduce air pollution, using public transport instead of
37. Reuse and recycle Instead of throwing away things you don’t use anymore, try to find another
38. Biodigesters Biodigesters can contribute to a reduction of air pollution, especially in poor countries where slash
39. Use of energy efficient devices Switching to more energy-efficient household appliances would further reduce energy consumption
40. Convince others All the measures mentioned above could reduce the problem of air pollution. We can
41. Conclusion Air pollution is a serious problem in our nowadays society. It is caused by our
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Слайд 2

What is air pollution?
Air pollution can be defined as the introduction

of excessive quantities of substances, gases, particles or biological molecules into the earth atmosphere.
Air pollution may have negative impacts on humans in the form of allergies, diseases or even death.
It also has an adverse effect on animals and plants as well as on the whole ecological system.
Air pollution can be caused by both natural processes as well as by human behavior.
According to the World Health Organization, 7 million people die from air pollution each year.
Thus, more people die each year from air pollution than from automobile accidents.
In the following, we will examine the causes, effects as well as solutions to the air pollution problem.

Слайд 3

Types of air pollution
Carbon dioxide
Sulfur oxides
Nitrogen oxides
Carbon monoxide
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Particulate

matter
Persistent free radicals
Toxic metals
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Ammonia
Odors
Radioactive material

Слайд 4

Causes
Dust
Animals
Radioactive decay
Wildfires
Vegetation
Volcanoes
Aircraft
Vehicles
Marine vessels
Waste deposition in landfills
Military sources
Fossil fuels
Mining
Agriculture
Industry
Private households

Слайд 5

Dust
Dust is composed of fine particles of solid matter.
Dust is

usually emitted through natural processes, usually in areas with little or no vegetation.

Слайд 6

Animals
Animals produce methane in their digestion process.
The emission of methane

causes air pollution and also contribute to the global warming issue.
Although a big fraction of methane emission can be attributed to livestock from domesticated farming practices, some of it also occurs from wild animals which also emit methane in their daily habits.

Слайд 7

Radioactive decay
Radon is a radioactive element which naturally occurs inside our

earth.
From there, it can reach our groundwater and eventually also our air.
Radon is produced in the process of radioactive decay and is considered as health hazard.

Слайд 8

Wildfires
Wildfires often occur in areas with dry climate.
They are often

caused by human behavior like the incorrect disposal of cigarettes.
There are some cases where wildfires are also started intentionally.
For example, it is quite common for farmers in the Amazon Rainforest to burn down large areas of forest in order to get more space for farming purposes.
Wildfires can cause carbon monoxide and smoke.
Large concentrations of carbon monoxide can lead to serious health problems and even death of humans.

Слайд 9

Vegetation
Vegetation often emits large amounts of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), especially

on warmer days, which react with sulfur-oxides and nitrogen-oxides.
VOCs can thus contribute to an increase in ozone levels.

Слайд 10

Volcanoes
Volcanic activity can cause ash particulates, chlorine and sulphur to enter

the air.
Especially in eruptions, large amounts of these substances are released into the air which could even lead to a temporary flight stop in the affected area.

Слайд 11

Aircraft
Aircraft is a big source of air pollution.
Airplanes emit large

amounts of nitrogen-dioxide as well as carbon dioxide which in turn contributes to global warming.
Especially in the last decades, the number of flights increased significantly.
More and more people are travelling to foreign countries.
In addition, many people also travel by plane for business purposes.
Thus, the amount of flights worldwide and therefore the level of air pollution from aircraft increased substantially in the last decades.

Слайд 12

Vehicles
The use of vehicles of all sorts are another great cause

for air pollution.
Emissions from cars and other vehicles increase the levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and thus increase the global warming process.
In our culture, it is quite common that almost everyone of us owns at least one car.
Especially in suburbs or in rural areas, people rely on their cars to be able to commute to work.
However, even in areas where there is good public transport, people are usually more likely to use their cars since this feels more convenient to them.
Therefore, the emissions from cars and other vehicles increases with a steady rate, which leads to an increase in air pollution and also contributes to the global warming problem.

Слайд 13

Marine vessels
Marine vessels burn fossil fuels and thus emit several air

pollution gases.
These include nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
These gases not only contribute to global warming but are also harmful for public health.

Слайд 14

Waste deposition in landfills
The deposition of waste in landfills generates methane

which even has a much higher global warming potential than CO2 and therefore ranks as one of the most harmful greenhouse gases.
However, the total amount of methane emitted in our atmosphere compared to the amount of CO2 is relatively low. Thus, CO2 is still the most harmful greenhouse gas in absolute terms.

Слайд 15

Military sources
Nuclear weapons, rocketry and toxic gases can also contribute to

air pollution.
Many countries do weapon tests on a regular basis, either for training purposes or also to threat other countries.
By doing so, harmful substances are released into the air, which can cause air pollution and other adverse effects to the environment.

Слайд 16

Fossil fuels
The combustion of fossil fuels is a main source of

air pollution.
Fossil fuels are used in production of energy and other products.
Moreover, vehicles like cars, ships, trains and airplanes are heavily dependent on fossil fuels.
Since the burning of fossil fuels is our main source of energy in our daily lifes, it has a large adverse impact on air pollution.
When fossil fuels are burned, they release methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and particulates into the atmosphere which in turn lead to acid rain, smog and contribute to the greenhouse effect.

Слайд 17

Mining
During the mining process through blasting, drilling hauling, collection, and transportation,

the air is polluted with chemicals and dust which in turn affects the health of miners and of the residents in the polluted area.
The effect of coal mining is especially serious since large amounts of gases including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and methane (CH4) are released in the air.

Слайд 18

Agriculture
The production of ammonia as by-product of agricultural activities heavily contributes

to the air pollution problem.
Ammonia is caused by livestock waste and heavily fertilized fields.
In combination with pollutants from combustion of power plants and industrial processes like sulfates and nitrogen oxides they create tiny solid particles or aerosols.
These particles can cause heart and lung diseases.

Слайд 19

Industry
Industries and power plants produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon

monoxide and other chemicals.
Since we need these industries for our daily energy demand and food supply, industrial processes contribute heavily to the air pollution issue.
Especially since the industrial revolution period, air pollution from industries has become a serious problem.
Since the prices for goods dropped significantly due to mass production, people were able to afford much more things than prior to the industrial revolution period.
Although this development sounds positive on the first glance, it also implies adverse environmental effects.
An increase in production also leads to an increase in air pollution and usually also leads to all other kinds of pollution.

Слайд 20

Private households
Private households contribute to the air pollution process through their

use of cars and other vehicles as well as through their consumption behavior.
People usually prefer to take their cars even for small distances instead of walking or taking the public transport since it is usually considered to be more convenient.
Moreover, many people are quite picky regarding their consumption behavior.
Food that would still be good for consumption purposes is often disposed in the garbage if it has minor blemishes.
This daily behavior of people leads to an enormous level of air pollution and thus harms our environment in a significant way.

Слайд 21

Effects
Mortality
Cardiovascular diseases
Lung diseases
Cancer
Effects on the central nervous system
Acid rain
Global warming
Depletion of

the ozone layer
Effects on animals
Effects on agriculture
Economic effects

Слайд 22

Mortality
According to the World Health Organization, 7 million people die from

air pollution each year.
9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants.
The country with the highest death rate from air pollution is India.
Children are more at risk than adults since their respiratory organs are not yet fully developed.

Слайд 23

Cardiovascular diseases
Air pollution plays a major role in the development of

cardiovascular diseases.
Air pollution can also cause strokes, especially in countries with a high pollution concentration.
This problem is especially severe for people working in jobs where they are exposed to high concentration of harmful substances.
For instance, a construction worker who works in an environment with high levels of dust and doesn’t use protection masks or other mitigating devices may have a high probability for strokes and other cardiovascular diseases since he is inhaling large amounts of harmful substances on a daily basis.

Слайд 24

Lung diseases
Air pollution can cause lung diseases like COPD including chronic

bronchitis and emphysema or asthma.
Especially people who are exposed to high concentrations of dust or other harmful substances in the air are at a higher risk to suffer from lung diseases.
This is even more true in countries that do not have high protection standards for workers.
For example, in many development countries, people do not protect themselves properly when they are working with harmful substances or when they are exposed to contaminated air.

Слайд 25

Cancer
Exposure to polluted air also increases the probability for lung cancer.

The exposure to contaminated air is considered to be able to affect the human DNA structure and thus to cause health issues like cancer or other diseases.

Слайд 26

Effects on the central nervous system
The central nervous system can also

be adversely affected by air pollution and thus can, among others, damage the brain and other neurological functions.
Examples for this kind of health problems are Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s diseases.

Слайд 27

Acid rain
The combustion of fossil fuels leads to a release of

sulfur and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere which in turn leads to the formation of acid rain.
Acid rain can affect the whole ecosystem in an adverse way, since it has harmful effects on humans, plants, animals and the water cycle.

Слайд 28

Global warming
Global warming is one of the biggest challenges to humanity.

One cause for global warming is air pollution.
The consequences of global warming are disastrous.
Global warming adversely affects all living organisms.
It contributes, among others, to the melting of ice and thus to a rise in the sea level as well in an increase in temperature.

Слайд 29

Depletion of the ozone layer
Through air pollution, the ozone layer is

eventually depleted which can cause skin cancer or eye-related diseases.
Through the emission of harmful gases from industrial processes or vehicles, substances related to bromine and chlorine are emitted into the air.
These substance are known to contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer.
Thus, air pollution is a cause for the ozone depletion problem.

Слайд 30

Effects on animals
Animals are also affected by air pollution.
Since they

have to breathe, they inhale toxic elements in the air and thus are also vulnerable to diseases caused by these toxic substances.
Especially in areas with high concentrations of polluted air, the life expectation of animals is lower than in clean air areas since these animals are at higher risk for serious diseases related to air pollution.

Слайд 31

Effects on agriculture
There can also be agricultural effects from air pollution.

For example, crop yields could be adversely affected by high concentration of harmful chemicals in the air.
Moreover, air pollution causes acid rain which in turn may harm the growth of plants and also decrease crop yields.

Слайд 32

Economic effects
According to a joint study of the World Bank and

the University of Washington, the worldwide cost of air pollution amounts to 5 trillion USD per year.
This includes the loss in productivity as well as the loss in life quality through polluted air.
The air pollution issue is especially severe in developing countries.
Small children under age 5 in developing countries are more than 60 times as likely to die from air pollution than children in high-income countries.
Since there are many additional costs of air pollution like health costs which have not been taken into account in this study, the real costs are much higher than 5 trillion USD per year.

Слайд 33

Solutions
Change in energy consumption behavior
Reduce material consumption
Avoid the use of cars
Reuse

and recycle
Biodigesters
Use of energy efficient devices
Convince others

Слайд 34

Change in energy consumption behavior
To mitigate the air pollution problem, it

is crucial to reduce our energy demand since energy production is a cause of air pollution.
This can be accomplished in many forms. For example, people can turn off their lights or other electronic devices when they don’t use them.

Слайд 35

Reduce material consumption
All kinds of products of our daily life are

manufactured in industries which use large amounts of energy.
Therefore, if we reduce our need of material things, we could contribute significantly to less air pollution.

Слайд 36

Avoid the use of cars
In order to reduce air pollution, using

public transport instead of cars can be an effective measure.
Even better would be a switch to bicycle to further reduce the air pollution problem.
Especially in rural areas, switching from cars to public transport can be quite difficult since the public transport infrastructure may often be quite bad.
However, for people living in areas with good public transport infrastructure, a switch from cars to public transport should not be a big deal at all.

Слайд 37

Reuse and recycle
Instead of throwing away things you don’t use anymore,

try to find another purpose for them.
If you are sure you do not want to use them anymore, find another person who still wants to use your item.
With this procedure, waste and the implied air pollution can be reduced.

Слайд 38

Biodigesters
Biodigesters can contribute to a reduction of air pollution, especially in

poor countries where slash and burn is prevalent.
This way, a useless commodities can be turned into income through the production of energy out of plants.

Слайд 39

Use of energy efficient devices
Switching to more energy-efficient household appliances would

further reduce energy consumption and thus would reduce air pollution.
Energy-efficient usually are not much more expensive than energy-consuming devices.
Thus, almost everyone should be able to afford energy-efficient household devices.

Слайд 40

Convince others
All the measures mentioned above could reduce the problem of

air pollution.
We can all contribute a small part to the reduction in energy consumption and thus to less air pollution.
However, not only our own behavior has to change, we also have to convince other people that it is worth to reduce their energy demand.
If everyone convinces enough people, every single person can make a significant direct and indirect contribution to mitigate the air pollution problem.

Слайд 41

Conclusion
Air pollution is a serious problem in our nowadays society.
It

is caused by our industries but also by our own daily behavior.
It is estimated that air pollution is accountable for about 7 million people dying per year.
Children are usually more affected than adults since their respiratory organs are not fully developed yet.
Air pollution can cause several health problem and diseases like cancer. It also contributes to the global warming issue due to the emission of large amounts of CO2 and methane.
In order to mitigate the air pollution problem, we have to change our daily behavior.
This means switching from the use of cars to public transport and also saving energy if we do not urgently need it.
We all can contribute our part to less air pollution and also raise the awareness of others on this issue.
Thus, the air pollution problem can hopefully be reduced drastically in the future.

Air Pollution

Содержание

What is air pollution?Air pollution can be defined as the introduction

Types of air pollutionCarbon dioxideSulfur oxidesNitrogen oxidesCarbon monoxideVolatile organic compounds (VOCs)Particulate

CausesDustAnimalsRadioactive decayWildfiresVegetationVolcanoesAircraftVehiclesMarine vesselsWaste deposition in landfillsMilitary sourcesFossil fuelsMiningAgricultureIndustryPrivate households

DustDust is composed of fine particles of solid matter. Dust is

AnimalsAnimals produce methane in their digestion process. The emission of methane

Radioactive decayRadon is a radioactive element which naturally occurs inside our

WildfiresWildfires often occur in areas with dry climate. They are often

VegetationVegetation often emits large amounts of VOCs (volatile organic compounds), especially

VolcanoesVolcanic activity can cause ash particulates, chlorine and sulphur to enter

AircraftAircraft is a big source of air pollution. Airplanes emit large

VehiclesThe use of vehicles of all sorts are another great cause

Marine vesselsMarine vessels burn fossil fuels and thus emit several air

Waste deposition in landfillsThe deposition of waste in landfills generates methane

Military sourcesNuclear weapons, rocketry and toxic gases can also contribute to

Fossil fuelsThe combustion of fossil fuels is a main source of

MiningDuring the mining process through blasting, drilling hauling, collection, and transportation,

AgricultureThe production of ammonia as by-product of agricultural activities heavily contributes

IndustryIndustries and power plants produce large amounts of carbon dioxide, carbon

Private householdsPrivate households contribute to the air pollution process through their

EffectsMortalityCardiovascular diseasesLung diseasesCancerEffects on the central nervous systemAcid rainGlobal warmingDepletion of

MortalityAccording to the World Health Organization, 7 million people die from

Cardiovascular diseasesAir pollution plays a major role in the development of

Lung diseasesAir pollution can cause lung diseases like COPD including chronic

CancerExposure to polluted air also increases the probability for lung cancer.

Effects on the central nervous systemThe central nervous system can also

Acid rainThe combustion of fossil fuels leads to a release of

Global warmingGlobal warming is one of the biggest challenges to humanity.

Depletion of the ozone layerThrough air pollution, the ozone layer is

Effects on animalsAnimals are also affected by air pollution. Since they

Effects on agricultureThere can also be agricultural effects from air pollution.

Economic effectsAccording to a joint study of the World Bank and

SolutionsChange in energy consumption behaviorReduce material consumptionAvoid the use of carsReuse

Change in energy consumption behaviorTo mitigate the air pollution problem, it

Reduce material consumptionAll kinds of products of our daily life are

Avoid the use of carsIn order to reduce air pollution, using

Reuse and recycleInstead of throwing away things you don’t use anymore,

BiodigestersBiodigesters can contribute to a reduction of air pollution, especially in

Use of energy efficient devicesSwitching to more energy-efficient household appliances would

Convince othersAll the measures mentioned above could reduce the problem of

ConclusionAir pollution is a serious problem in our nowadays society. It

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