Philosophy of motion

Август 7, 2022

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Philosophy of motion

Содержание

2. What exactly is motion? The answer has changed over time...
3. Motion as change. Does it exist? NO Parmenides of Elea (512 BC) Zeno of Elea (495
4. Parmenides and Zeno of Elea Parmenides: The world is One Being → stationary “Ex nihilo nihil
5. Motion as change. Does it exist? YES Democritus (460 BC -- 370 BC) Heraclitus (535 BC
6. Democritus and Heraclitus Democritus - considered the first scholar who formulated the atomic theory. All things
7. Aristotelian theory of motion Entelechy — The complete realisation and final form of some potential concept
8. Aristotle is wrong!
9. Galileo Galilei vs Aristotle
10. Newton’s laws of motion Mortals rejoice that there has existed such and so great an ornament
11. Marxist theory of motion Motion is defined as any change in the position or state. Motion
12. Most Important Discoveries of the 20th Century The birth of of quantum physics (Max Planck) Explanation
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Слайд 2

What exactly is
motion?
The answer has changed
over time...

Слайд 3

Motion as change. Does it exist?
NO
Parmenides of Elea (512 BC)
Zeno of

Elea (495 -- 430 BC)

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Parmenides and Zeno of Elea
Parmenides:
The world is One Being →

stationary
“Ex nihilo nihil fit” (eng. Nothing comes from nothing)
“There is a way which is and a way which is not” (a way of truth and a way of opinion) and that, “There is not, nor will there be, anything other than what is since indeed Destiny has fettered it to remain whole and immovable.”

Zeno’s paradoxes of motion:
Achilles and the tortoise
Arrow paradox
Dichotomy paradox

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Motion as change. Does it exist?
YES
Democritus (460 BC -- 370 BC)
Heraclitus

(535 BC -- 475BC)

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Democritus and Heraclitus
Democritus - considered the first scholar who formulated the

atomic theory.
All things are made of atoms, small invisible particles.
Depending of the state of an object atoms move differently.
CONCLUSION: If everything consists of constantly moving atoms → everything moves

Heraclitus:
“Everything changes and nothing remains still ... and ... you cannot step twice into the same stream.”

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Aristotelian theory of motion
Entelechy — The complete realisation and final

form of some potential concept or function.
Two types of physical motion: natural and unnatural (violent motion)
Every object has its natural state:
EX: a thrown stone falls down because it seeks its natural place — earth.
Natural motion is the motion that an object does naturally — without being forced
Unnatural motion is caused by the outer forces. Once the force is removed so does the motion.
Heavier objects fall faster (stones falls faster than a feather)

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Aristotle is wrong!

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Galileo Galilei vs Aristotle

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Newton’s laws of motion
Mortals rejoice that there has existed such

and so great an ornament of the human race! (Indeed! caption mine)

Isaac Newton 1642 -- 1727

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Marxist theory of motion
Motion is defined as any change in the

position or state.
Motion is the mode of existence of matter and its chief properly (including time and space)
There are 5 types of motion:
mechanical
physical
chemical
biological
social
Motion is contradictory in nature

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Most Important Discoveries of the 20th Century
The birth of of quantum

physics (Max Planck)
Explanation of Brownian motion and photoelectric effect (Albert Einstein)
Theory of Relativity (special and general)
Planetary model of the atom and discovery of proton (Ernest Rutherford)
Emergence of different theories of Universe origins, etc.

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