- Introduction to ultrasonic testing
Содержание
- 2. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems socket matching- element damping- block crystal protecting face (probe delay) housing workpiece
- 3. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems crystal perspex wedge (probe delay) damping blocks socket housing workpiece Sound pulse
- 4. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems near field far field acoustical axis (central beam) N = near field
- 5. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Flaw detection
- 6. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Flaw detection
- 7. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Flaw detection
- 8. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Bad flaw orientation
- 9. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems crack Improper flaw location
- 10. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 crack Angle reflection
- 11. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Angle reflection
- 12. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 Vertical, near surface flaw
- 13. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems T R a 1 Tandem technique (top)
- 14. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems T R a 2 Tandem technique (middle)
- 15. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 15 5 10 15 5 T R a 3 Tandem technique
- 16. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 Improper flaw orientation
- 17. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 Perfect flaw orientation
- 18. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems sound beam flat defect 15 10 5 reflected sound waves Flaw detectability
- 19. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems s Flaw distance
- 20. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems start signal (pulse) finish signal (echo) transmitter transit time measurement probe work
- 21. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems CRT / A-scan display
- 22. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems work piece probe sound wave starts at crystal light point transmitter transmission
- 23. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems work piece probe sound wave transmitter Priciple, sound wave in the workpiece
- 24. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems work piece probe transmitter Priciple, sound pulse at the back wall
- 25. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems transmitter Priciple, sound pulse at the coupling surface
- 26. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems transmitter Priciple, echo display and 2nd run
- 27. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 2 4 6 8 10 protecting face crystal probe electrical zero (initial
- 28. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems electical zero (initial pulse) mechanical zero (surface) sound wave work piece delay
- 29. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Flaw location and echo display
- 30. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems work piece probe back wall echo flaw flaw echo Flaw location and
- 31. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems work piece probe back wall echo flaw flaw echo Flaw location and
- 32. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems flaw echo covered by initial pulse work piece probe back wall echo
- 33. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems back wall echo: without with flaw work piece probe flaw Flaw location
- 34. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems flaw echo sequence work piece probe flaw Flaw location and echo display
- 35. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems dead zone Dead zone
- 36. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems direction of osscillation direction of propagation wave length Longitudinal wave
- 37. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems direction of osscillation direction of propagation wave length Transverse wave
- 38. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Relection and refraction
- 39. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 L T possible flaw locations Angle beam probe
- 40. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems T L L T L perspex steel reflected wave refracted waves incident
- 41. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems T L T perspex steel reflected wave refracted transverse wave incident wave
- 42. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Transverse surface wave
- 43. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Total reflection
- 44. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 27,5° 57° 33,3° 90° perspex steel L T Ranges for incident waves
- 45. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 Near surface detectability with angle beam pobes
- 46. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems receiver socket transmitter socket damping blocks crystal delay acoustical barrier TR-probe /
- 47. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Probe delay with TR-probes
- 48. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems IP BE flaw cross talk echo flaw echo TR-probe Cross talk at
- 49. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 0 100 mm 50 steel, L div. Range calibration
- 50. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 5 10 15 70° 45° 100 mm 60° Calibration block 1 with
- 51. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 100 mm 1st echo from circular section
- 52. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 100 mm 200 mm 300 mm Echo sequence from 100 mm radius
- 53. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems this wave will be absorbed ! 25 mm radius of calibration block
- 54. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 50 mm radius of calibration block 2
- 55. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 0 100 mm steel 100 mm range calibration on K2
- 56. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 5 10 15 work piece reflector s s = k•R s =
- 57. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems flaw location a s d Sound entry point projection point a =
- 58. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 5 10 15 work piece reflector a a' s d x index
- 59. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 5 10 15 apparent flaw location a s d = apparent depth
- 60. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 5 10 15 apparent flaw location real flaw location a s d
- 61. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Large defects parallel to the scanning surface
- 62. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems Scanning the edge of the defect Flaw echo drops to 50% of
- 63. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems "half value" positions delamination probe position with echo amplitude reduced to 50
- 64. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 0 2 4 6 8 10 Flaw sizes and echo amplitudes
- 65. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems IP BE R IP BE R IP BE R Flaw distances and
- 66. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems B 4 S 6 mm 4 mm 3 mm BE F Distance
- 67. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems IP BE F F instrument gain: G = 34 dB 80 %
- 68. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems instrument gain: 34 dB Defect evaluation by comparison - 2
- 69. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems IP BE RE + 8 dB instrument gain: 42 dB Defect evaluation
- 70. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40
- 71. Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems time corrected gain DAC DAC and TCG
- 73. Скачать презентацию
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
socket
matching-
element
damping-
block
crystal
protecting face
(probe delay)
housing
workpiece
Sound pulse
Straight beam probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
socket
matching-
element
damping-
block
crystal
protecting face
(probe delay)
housing
workpiece
Sound pulse
Straight beam probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
crystal
perspex wedge
(probe delay)
damping blocks
socket
housing
workpiece
Sound pulse
Angle beam probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
crystal
perspex wedge
(probe delay)
damping blocks
socket
housing
workpiece
Sound pulse
Angle beam probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
near field
far field
acoustical axis (central beam)
N = near
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
near field
far field
acoustical axis (central beam)
N = near
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw detection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Bad flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Bad flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
crack
Improper flaw location
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
crack
Improper flaw location
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
crack
Angle reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
crack
Angle reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Angle reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Angle reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Vertical, near surface flaw
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Vertical, near surface flaw
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
R
a
1
Tandem technique (top)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
R
a
1
Tandem technique (top)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
R
a
2
Tandem technique (middle)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
R
a
2
Tandem technique (middle)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
15
5
10
15
5
T
R
a
3
Tandem technique (bottom)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
15
5
10
15
5
T
R
a
3
Tandem technique (bottom)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Improper flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Improper flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Perfect flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
Perfect flaw orientation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
sound beam
flat defect
15
10
5
reflected sound waves
Flaw detectability with improper
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
sound beam
flat defect
15
10
5
reflected sound waves
Flaw detectability with improper
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
s
Flaw distance
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
s
Flaw distance
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
start signal
(pulse)
finish signal
(echo)
transmitter
transit time
measurement
probe
work piece
sound transit
path
Stop-
watch
Principle of transit
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
start signal
(pulse)
finish signal
(echo)
transmitter
transit time
measurement
probe
work piece
sound transit
path
Stop-
watch
Principle of transit
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
CRT / A-scan display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
CRT / A-scan display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
sound wave starts at crystal
light point
transmitter
transmission
pulse
Priciple, transmission
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
sound wave starts at crystal
light point
transmitter
transmission
pulse
Priciple, transmission
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
sound wave
transmitter
Priciple, sound wave in the workpiece
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
sound wave
transmitter
Priciple, sound wave in the workpiece
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
transmitter
Priciple, sound pulse at the back wall
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
transmitter
Priciple, sound pulse at the back wall
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
transmitter
Priciple, sound pulse at the coupling surface
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
transmitter
Priciple, sound pulse at the coupling surface
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
transmitter
Priciple, echo display and 2nd run
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
transmitter
Priciple, echo display and 2nd run
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
2
4
6
8
10
protecting face
crystal
probe
electrical
zero
(initial pulse)
mechanical
zero
(surface)
Probe delay
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
2
4
6
8
10
protecting face
crystal
probe
electrical
zero
(initial pulse)
mechanical
zero
(surface)
Probe delay
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
electical
zero
(initial pulse)
mechanical
zero
(surface)
sound wave
work piece
delay
(wedge)
probe
Probe delay
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
electical
zero
(initial pulse)
mechanical
zero
(surface)
sound wave
work piece
delay
(wedge)
probe
Probe delay
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
flaw
echo
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
flaw
echo
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
flaw
echo
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
flaw
echo
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw echo
covered
by initial
pulse
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
Flaw location and echo
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw echo
covered
by initial
pulse
work piece
probe
back wall
echo
flaw
Flaw location and echo
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
back wall
echo:
without
with flaw
work piece
probe
flaw
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
back wall
echo:
without
with flaw
work piece
probe
flaw
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw echo
sequence
work piece
probe
flaw
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw echo
sequence
work piece
probe
flaw
Flaw location and echo display
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
dead zone
Dead zone
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
dead zone
Dead zone
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
direction of
osscillation
direction of propagation
wave length
Longitudinal wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
direction of
osscillation
direction of propagation
wave length
Longitudinal wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
direction of
osscillation
direction of propagation
wave length
Transverse wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
direction of
osscillation
direction of propagation
wave length
Transverse wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Relection and refraction
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Relection and refraction
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
L
T
possible flaw
locations
Angle beam probe with both wave types
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
L
T
possible flaw
locations
Angle beam probe with both wave types
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
L
L
T
L
perspex
steel
reflected
wave
refracted
waves
incident
wave
α = α1 = 27.5°
βT = 33.3°
βL =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
L
L
T
L
perspex
steel
reflected
wave
refracted
waves
incident
wave
α = α1 = 27.5°
βT = 33.3°
βL =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
L
T
perspex
steel
reflected
wave
refracted
transverse wave
incident
wave
α = 36.4°
βT = 45°
45° transverse wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
T
L
T
perspex
steel
reflected
wave
refracted
transverse wave
incident
wave
α = 36.4°
βT = 45°
45° transverse wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Transverse surface wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Transverse surface wave
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Total reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Total reflection
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
27,5°
57°
33,3°
90°
perspex
steel
L
T
Ranges for incident waves
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
27,5°
57°
33,3°
90°
perspex
steel
L
T
Ranges for incident waves
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
Near surface detectability with angle beam pobes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
Near surface detectability with angle beam pobes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
receiver
socket
transmitter
socket
damping blocks
crystal
delay
acoustical
barrier
TR-probe / dual crystal probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
receiver
socket
transmitter
socket
damping blocks
crystal
delay
acoustical
barrier
TR-probe / dual crystal probe
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Probe delay with
TR-probes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Probe delay with
TR-probes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
flaw
cross talk
echo
flaw
echo
TR-probe
Cross talk at
high gain
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
flaw
cross talk
echo
flaw
echo
TR-probe
Cross talk at
high gain
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
100
mm
50
steel, L
div.
Range calibration
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
100
mm
50
steel, L
div.
Range calibration
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
70°
45°
100 mm
60°
Calibration block 1 with angle beam probes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
70°
45°
100 mm
60°
Calibration block 1 with angle beam probes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
100 mm
1st echo from circular section
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
100 mm
1st echo from circular section
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm
Echo sequence from 100 mm
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
100 mm
200 mm
300 mm
Echo sequence from 100 mm
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
this wave will be
absorbed !
25 mm radius
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
this wave will be
absorbed !
25 mm radius
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
50 mm radius of calibration block 2
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
50 mm radius of calibration block 2
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
100 mm
steel
100 mm range calibration on K2
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
100 mm
steel
100 mm range calibration on K2
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
work piece
reflector
s
s = k•R
s = sound path
k =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
work piece
reflector
s
s = k•R
s = sound path
k =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw location
a
s
d
Sound entry point
projection
point
a = s•sin ß
d =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
flaw location
a
s
d
Sound entry point
projection
point
a = s•sin ß d =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
work piece
reflector
a
a'
s
d
x
index point -
front edge of probe
a =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
work piece
reflector
a
a'
s
d
x
index point -
front edge of probe
a =
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
apparent flaw location
a
s
d
= apparent depth
T
Flaw location with
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
apparent flaw location
a
s
d
= apparent depth
T
Flaw location with
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
apparent flaw location
real flaw location
a
s
d
d'
d' = apparent depth
d
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
5
10
15
apparent flaw location
real flaw location
a
s
d
d'
d' = apparent depth
d
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Large defects parallel to the scanning surface
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Large defects parallel to the scanning surface
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Scanning the edge of the defect
Flaw echo drops
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
Scanning the edge of the defect
Flaw echo drops
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
"half value" positions
delamination
probe position
with echo amplitude
reduced to 50
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
"half value" positions
delamination
probe position with echo amplitude reduced to 50
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
2
4
6
8
10
Flaw sizes and echo amplitudes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
0
2
4
6
8
10
Flaw sizes and echo amplitudes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
R
IP
BE
R
IP
BE
R
Flaw distances and
echo amplitudes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
R
IP
BE
R
IP
BE
R
Flaw distances and
echo amplitudes
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
B 4 S
6 mm
4 mm
3 mm
BE
F
Distance amplitude curves
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
B 4 S
6 mm
4 mm
3 mm
BE
F
Distance amplitude curves
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
F
F
instrument gain: G = 34 dB
80 %
Defect evaluation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
F
F
instrument gain: G = 34 dB
80 %
Defect evaluation
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
instrument gain: 34 dB
Defect evaluation by comparison -
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
instrument gain: 34 dB
Defect evaluation by comparison -
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
RE
+ 8 dB
instrument gain: 42 dB
Defect evaluation by
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
IP
BE
RE
+ 8 dB
instrument gain: 42 dB
Defect evaluation by
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Echo
Position
Distance amplitude curve (DAC)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Echo
Position
Distance amplitude curve (DAC)
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
time corrected gain
DAC
DAC and TCG
Krautkramer NDT Ultrasonic Systems
time corrected gain
DAC
DAC and TCG
Исаак Ньютон. Законы Ньютона
Альтернативные источники энергии
Физические основы оптической локации
Колеса, подвеска, мосты
Величайшие открытия физики
Деформирование материалов
Открытие протона (Э. Резерфорд – 1919 г.)
Презентация по физике Движение под действием нескольких сил 
Светотехнические величины
Электрический ток. Уравнение непрерывности
Термодинамічні засади кріогенної техніки
Парогенераторы АЭС. Место и роль ПГ в схеме АЭС. (Тема 1)
Развитие взглядов на природу света
Презентация Теория относительности 
«Совет мудрецов» Учитель: Цинадзе Олеся Валентиновна МБОУ «Гимназия №4» г.о. Дзержинский. 5 декабря , 2011
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