WRITING SUMMARIES

Июль 23, 2022

Содержание

2. Reading for general understanding Read the article.Underline key terms/collocations. Circle important ideas. Re-read and understand the
3. Compiling a glossary Make a list of the main ideas. Find the important ideas - the
4. Step 1: Writing the introduction The summary begins by citing the title, author, source, and, in
5. Step 2: General information about the article This central theme is summarized clearly and accurately in
6. Step 3: Identifying the main purpose Indicate the author’s purpose in writing: to inform, to persuade,
7. Step 4: Adding supporting ideas The author supports his/her thesis with supporting ideas. Cover all of
8. The author starts by telling about that) ….. According to the author (of)... The author writes
9. Signalling words 1. Time/order at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end, in the first
10. 7. Stating the obvious after all, as one might expect, clearly, it goes without saying, naturally,
11. 12. Condition in that case, then 13. Support actually, as a matter of fact, in fact,
12. Step 5: Conclusion Summarize the author`s ideas. The author concludes/ comes to the conclusion that...... In
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Reading for general understanding
Read the article.Underline key terms/collocations. Circle important ideas.

Re-read and understand the article.

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Compiling a glossary
Make a list of the main ideas. Find the

important ideas - the important words/phrases. In some way mark them - write them down, underline or highlight them.
Find alternative words/synonyms for these words/phrases - do not change specialised vocabulary and common words.
Start writing the summary

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Step 1: Writing the introduction
The summary begins by citing the title,

author, source, and, in the case of a magazine or journal article, the date of publication and the text.
The article is headlined ….
The headline of the article I have read is....
The author of the ……….is……
The article (story) is written by …
The article is published in............

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Step 2: General information about the article
This central theme is

summarized clearly and accurately in a one-sentence thesis statement. The thesis statement does not contain specific details discussed in the text.
This article provides information on....... (the growing problem and causes of noise pollution)
The article is about ….
The article is devoted to ….
The article deals with (the problem) of ….
The article touches upon the problem...

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Step 3: Identifying the main purpose
Indicate the author’s purpose

in writing: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain, ..... Omit all personal opinions, ideas, and inferences. You are reporting the author’s ideas in your own words.
The purpose of the article is to provide the reader with some material (data) on ….
The purpose of the article is to ....(inform/to persuade, to entertain, to show the advantages and disadvantages of ....., problems of ......, reasons for ..., explanations for ....

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Step 4: Adding supporting ideas
The author supports his/her thesis with supporting

ideas.
Cover all of the author’s major supporting ideas.
-Show the relationships among these ideas.
Omit specifics, such as illustrations, descriptions, and detailed explanations
Use signalling words

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The author starts by telling about that) …..
According to the author

(of)...
The author writes (states, stresses, thinks, points out) that ….
Further the author reports (says) that …
The article goes on to say that …

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Signalling words
1. Time/order
at first, eventually, finally, first, firstly, in the end,

in the first place, in the second place, lastly, later, next, second, secondly, to begin with
2. Comparison/similar ideas
in comparison, in the same way, similarly
3. Contrast/opposite ideas
but, despite, in spite of, even so, however, in contrast, in spite of this, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, whereas, yet
4. Cause and effect
accordingly, as a consequence, as a result, because, because of this, consequently, for this reason, hence, in consequence, in order to, owing to this, since, so, so that, therefore, thus
5. Examples
for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows
6 Generalisation
as a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, normally, on the whole, in most cases, usually

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7. Stating the obvious
after all, as one might expect, clearly, it

goes without saying, naturally, obviously, of course, surely
8. Attitude
admittedly, certainly, fortunately, luckily, oddly enough, strangely enough, undoubtedly, unfortunately
9. Summary/conclusion
finally, in brief, in conclusion, in short, overall, so, then, to conclude, to sum up
10. Explanation/equivalence
in other words, namely, or rather, that is to say, this means, to be more precise, to put it another way
11. Addition
apart from this, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, nor, not only...but also, too, what is more

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12. Condition
in that case, then
13. Support
actually, as a matter of fact,

in fact, indeed
14. Contradiction
actually, as a matter of fact, in fact
15. Emphasis
chiefly, especially, in detail, in particular, mainly, notably, particularly

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