FROM SHORT-TERM TO LONG-TERM MEMORY
Repetition. Multiple encounters with a word are
needed for making the learned item permanently remembered. Repetition becomes even more effective if it is done in spaced intervals while gradually increasing the space between these repetitions.
Retrieval. When a learner has to retrieve a word, e.g. use a new word in a written sentence, it makes the word much easier to recall in the future.
Spacing. Memory advantage is gained if the learning happens in several separate occasions.
Pacing. Better results are obtained if the language learners’ individual learning style and pace are respected and they are given enough time to carry out the required memory processing.
Use. Using words is the best way of ensuring they are properly added to long-term memory. This can be called the “Use It or Lose It” principle.
Cognitive depth. Words are better remembered when a learner has to make decisions about them (e.g. think about the spelling) – the more cognitively demanding these decisions are, the better the results.