Social Psychology. (Chapter 6)

Июль 25, 2022

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Social Psychology. (Chapter 6)

Содержание

2. What Is Conformity? What happens at a music concert to indicate conformity? Change in behavior or
3. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Sherif’s Studies of Norm Formation Used autokinetic phenomenon
4. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Sherif’s Studies of Norm Formation Suggestibility (social contagion)
5. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Asch’s Studies of Group Pressure Perceptual judgment experiment
6. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Milgram’s Obedience Experiments Tested what happens when the
7. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Ethics of Milgram’s Experiment Critics said the Milgram’s
8. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? What Breeds Obedience? Victim’s distance or depersonalization Drones
9. What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies? Reflections on the Classic Studies What happened at
10. What Predicts Conformity? Group Size 3 to 5 people will elicit more conformity than just 1
11. What Predicts Conformity? Cohesion “We feeling”; extent to which members of a group are bound together,
12. What Predicts Conformity? Public Response People conform more when they must respond in front of others
13. Why Conform? Normative Influence Based on a person's desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain
14. Who Conforms? Personality Is a poor predictor of conformity; situations are better Culture Different cultures socialize
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Слайд 2

What Is Conformity? What happens at a music concert to indicate conformity?

Change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure
Good or Bad? Remember Billy Graham?
Three types of conformity
Compliance
With social norms (implicit)
With request
Obedience
Acceptance
(inward conformity: self perception? What other theory?)

Слайд 3

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Sherif’s Studies of Norm

Formation
Used autokinetic phenomenon then asked groups of men to determine how much the point of light had moved – the responses of the men changed markedly
The point of light never moved

Слайд 4

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Sherif’s Studies of Norm

Formation
Suggestibility (social contagion)
Contagious yawning
Chameleon effect
“Werther effect” (J Goethe) –what did Werther commit?
Marilyn Monroe
Mass delusions
Why would nuns bite each other?

Слайд 5

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Asch’s Studies of Group

Pressure
Perceptual judgment experiment
Six confederates gave incorrect answers to see if participant would agree even if he knew it was the incorrect answer

Слайд 6

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Milgram’s Obedience Experiments
Tested what

happens when the demands of authority clash with the demands of conscience
Teacher “shocks” learner at the insistence of experimenter
65 percent of participants continued beyond expectations

Слайд 7

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Ethics of Milgram’s Experiment
Critics

said the Milgram’s experiment stressed the participants against their will
They argued that the participants’ self-esteem may have been altered
Milgram stated that the ethical controversy was “terribly overblown”
What do you think?

Слайд 8

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
What Breeds Obedience?
Victim’s

distance or depersonalization
Drones used to kill?
Closeness and legitimacy of the authority
Institutional authority
Liberating effects of group influence
Social support is provided

Слайд 9

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?
Reflections on the Classic

Studies
What happened at My Lai with William Calley?
In Bosnia, Kosovo, Rwanda, Nigeria?
Behavior and attitudes
Mutually reinforcing
A small act of evil to foster the attitude that leads to a larger evil act (foot in the door technique?)
Power of the situation
We underestimate strength of situational cues
Lynchings?
Heroism can occur as well as evil
Examples?

Слайд 10

What Predicts Conformity?
Group Size
3 to 5 people will elicit

more conformity than just 1 or 2
Groups greater in size than 5 yields diminishing returns
The greater the number of distinct groups (more entities) that dissent
Unanimity
Observing another’s dissent can increase our own independence

Слайд 11

What Predicts Conformity?
Cohesion
“We feeling”; extent to which members of a

group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another
The more cohesive a group is, the more power it gains over its members
Status
Higher-status people tend to have more impact
Note: status is in the eye of the beholder

Слайд 12

What Predicts Conformity?
Public Response
People conform more when they must respond

in front of others rather than writing their answers privately
Remember “The Billy Graham” effect?
Prior Commitment
Most people having made a public commitment stick to it
Example: Teens who make a public “virginity-till-marriage pledge” become somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent

Слайд 13

Why Conform?
Normative Influence
Based on a person's desire to fulfill others’

expectations, often to gain acceptance
Produced by social image
Informational Influence
Occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people
Produced by desire to be correct

Слайд 14

Who Conforms?
Personality
Is a poor predictor of conformity; situations are better

Culture
Different cultures socialize people to
be more or less socially responsive
Bantu of Zimbabwe – 51% (Asch study)
French less conforming (Milgram study)
Collectivist cultures more conforming
Social Roles
Conforming to expectations is an important task when taking on a new social role -Pattie Hearst?
Role reversal – what’s the benefit of doing this?

Social Psychology. (Chapter 6)

Содержание

What Is Conformity? What happens at a music concert to indicate conformity?

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Sherif’s Studies of Norm

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Sherif’s Studies of Norm

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Asch’s Studies of Group

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Milgram’s Obedience ExperimentsTested what

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Ethics of Milgram’s ExperimentCritics

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?What Breeds Obedience? Victim’s

What Are the Classic Conformity and Obedience Studies?Reflections on the Classic

What Predicts Conformity? Group Size 3 to 5 people will elicit

What Predicts Conformity? Cohesion“We feeling”; extent to which members of a

What Predicts Conformity? Public ResponsePeople conform more when they must respond

Why Conform? Normative InfluenceBased on a person's desire to fulfill others’

Who Conforms? PersonalityIs a poor predictor of conformity; situations are better

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What Predicts Conformity?
Group Size
3 to 5 people will elicit

What Predicts Conformity?
Cohesion
“We feeling”; extent to which members of a

What Predicts Conformity?
Public Response
People conform more when they must respond

Why Conform?
Normative Influence
Based on a person's desire to fulfill others’

Who Conforms?
Personality
Is a poor predictor of conformity; situations are better