Psychology - 1

Август 1, 2022

Содержание

2. DISCUSSION Do you think personality traits can influence language learning? Make a list of traits that
3. Write your ideas in the chat box WHAT IS PERSONALITY?
4. DEFINITION The Collins Cobuild Dictionary defines personality as one’s “whole character and nature” Pervin and John
5. WHEN DID IT ALL START? Clark and Watson (2008): the concept of temperament originated in ancient
6. TEMPERAMENT ≠ PERSONALITY Temperament and personality can be seen as broadly overlapping domains, with temperament providing
7. PERSONALITY TAXONOMY the Classic Greek taxonomy of personality was proposed over 2,000 years ago by Hippocrates
8. Originally coined by Lewis Goldberg (1981), but in recent years most closely associated with the work
10. Dornyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). The psychology of the language learner revisited.
11. Extensive empirical studies that have tested the model (for a recent review, see John et al.,
12. HTTP://WWW.PERSONALITYTEST.ORG.UK/
13. Few significant relationships between personality measures and linguistic variables have been identified “like Arthur’s knights, stumbling
14. EXTRAVERSION / INTROVERSION • Trait most investigated in terms of SLL. Two main hypotheses: More introverted
16. • Are ‘good’ language learners more extrovert? Canadian high school learners of L2 French Looked for
17. Measures two of the big five: Extraversion- Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability 57 Y/N items; The ‘SD score’
18. RESULTS No positive correlation found between written test scores and extent of extraversion Perhaps finding not
19. VERHOEVEN AND VERMEER (2002) This study was the first to use the Big Five personality construct
20. RESULTS It was found that only Openness to Experience correlated substantially with the linguistic abilities of
21. DEWAELE, J.-M. & FURNHAM, A. (1999). EXTRAVERSION: THE UNLOVED VARIABLE IN APPLIED LINGUISTIC RESEARCH. LANGUAGE LEARNING,
22. Studies that used oral measures have found relationships with extraversion; the more complex the task, the
23. Levelt, 1993
25. Скачать презентацию

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DISCUSSION
Do you think personality traits can influence language learning?
Make a list

of traits that matter from your point of view

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Write your ideas in the chat box
WHAT IS PERSONALITY?

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DEFINITION
The Collins Cobuild Dictionary defines personality as one’s “whole character and

nature”
Pervin and John (2001):
personality represents those characteristics of the person that “account for consistent patterns of feeling, thinking, and behaving” (p. 4).

Personality theories

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WHEN DID IT ALL START?
Clark and Watson (2008): the concept of

temperament originated in ancient history and is typically used to refer to a “characteristic emotional style” (p. 265)
It is rooted in the biological substrate of behaviour and usually considered highly heritable (Snow et al., 1996)

Do you think temperament is heritable?

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TEMPERAMENT ≠ PERSONALITY
Temperament and personality can be seen as broadly overlapping

domains, with temperament providing the primarily biological basis for the developing personality (Hogan, Harkness, & Lubinski, 2000).

TEMPERAMENT (nature)

PERSONALITY (nurture)

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PERSONALITY TAXONOMY
the Classic Greek taxonomy of personality was proposed over 2,000

years ago by Hippocrates and Galen, consisting of four temperamental types:
phlegmatic (unflappable and slow to take action),
sanguine (easily but not strongly excited and having short-lived interests),
choleric (impetuous and impulsive, often ambitious and perfectionist),
melancholic (inclined to reflection).

Type a + in comments if you have ever taken a test based on this

/ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/

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Originally coined by Lewis Goldberg (1981), but in recent years most

closely associated with the work of Robert McCrae and Paul Costa.

THE STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY: THE BIG FIVE MODEL

O C E A N

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Dornyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015). The psychology of the language

learner revisited.

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Extensive empirical studies that have tested the model (for a recent

review, see John et al., 2008) have generally confirmed that it provides a good representation of the central features of personality, attesting to the fact that “the Big Five personality structure is a human universal” (Pervin & Cervone, 2010, p. 265).

CAN WE TRUST IT?

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HTTP://WWW.PERSONALITYTEST.ORG.UK/

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Few significant relationships between personality measures and linguistic variables have been

identified
“like Arthur’s knights, stumbling through the night, [personality researchers] are guided by a stubborn belief that something must be there, glimpsing tantalizing flashes of light from a distance, only to discover that their discoveries looked rather pale in the daylight” (Dewaele, 2009:625)
Why might this be the case?

PERSONALITY AND SLA

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EXTRAVERSION / INTROVERSION
• Trait most investigated in terms of SLL.

Two main hypotheses:
More introverted learners will be better at developing Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) – formal academic learning: “the extent to which an individual has access to and command of the oral and written academic registers of schooling” (Cummins, 2000: 67)
More extraverted learners will be better at developing Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) – social, conversational language use for oral communication: more context-embedded language

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• Are ‘good’ language learners more extrovert?
Canadian high school

learners of L2 French
Looked for correlation between scores on two written L2 tests and extraversion as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)
Hypothesis : Extraversion = superiority in terms of SLL

Naiman, N., Fröhlich, M., Stern, H.H. & Todesco, A. (1978).
The Good Language Learner.
Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

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Measures two of the big five: Extraversion- Introversion and Neuroticism-Stability
57

Y/N items;
The ‘SD score’ (out of 9) measures extent to which you are trying to be socially desirable. Those scoring 5+ trying to make themselves look good/not being 100% honest
The ‘E score’ (out of 24) measures extent of extraversion The ‘N score’ (out of 24) measures extent of neuroticism

THE EYSENCK PERSONALITY INVENTORY/QUESTIONNAIRE

https://sapa-project.org/blogs/EysenckPersonalityQuestionnaire.html

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RESULTS
No positive correlation found between written test scores and extent of

extraversion
Perhaps finding not surprising given sole focus on written proficiency - does written proficiency adequately reflect BICS?

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VERHOEVEN AND VERMEER (2002)
This study was the first to use the

Big Five personality construct in L2 research
PURPOSE: to examine the communicative competence of teenage language learners in relation to their personality characteristics
CONTEXT: The Netherlands

Organizational competence

discrete-point tests of vocabulary, grammar, and reading

Strategic competence

two rating scales for teachers to judge the children’s planning of communicative behaviour

Pragmatic competence

student performance on eight different role-play tasks

VARIABLES?

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RESULTS
It was found that only Openness to Experience correlated substantially with

the linguistic abilities of the children across all three competencies
Extraversion was associated only with strategic competence,
Conscientiousness had a moderate correlation with organizational competence
the other two facets of the Big Five model (Agreeableness and Neuroticism) were unrelated to L2 communicative competence.

WHY?

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DEWAELE, J.-M. & FURNHAM, A. (1999). EXTRAVERSION: THE UNLOVED VARIABLE IN

APPLIED LINGUISTIC RESEARCH. LANGUAGE LEARNING, 49: 509-544.

Meta-analysis of extraversion in SLA research
Argues that extraversion does affect communicative speech production
States that lack of statistical relationship between extraversion and linguistic measures to this point a result of research design (i.e. they used written test scores as per Naiman et al., 1978)

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Studies that used oral measures have found relationships with extraversion; the

more complex the task, the stronger the correlations
Relates this meta-finding to Eysenck’s (1981) assertion that increased pressure (e.g. a more complex task) increases introverts’ arousal level (stress; anxiety) to the point that the autonomous processing components in speaking (the Conceptualiser and Formulator) are negatively affected.

WHY?

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Psychology - 1

Содержание

DISCUSSIONDo you think personality traits can influence language learning? Make a list

Write your ideas in the chat boxWHAT IS PERSONALITY?

DEFINITIONThe Collins Cobuild Dictionary defines personality as one’s “whole character and

WHEN DID IT ALL START?Clark and Watson (2008): the concept of

TEMPERAMENT ≠ PERSONALITYTemperament and personality can be seen as broadly overlapping

PERSONALITY TAXONOMYthe Classic Greek taxonomy of personality was proposed over 2,000