Содержание
- 2. ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY Topics for discussion: 1. General etymological survey. 2. Types of borrowings. 3. Assimilation of
- 3. Etymology – the study of lexical history (mg development).
- 4. English – a ‘hospitable lg’: on the basis of the Germanic tribal lgs; its core –
- 5. WORDSTOCK native words borrowings/loans Indo-European stock; 1) Celtic (5-6th c. A.D.) Germanic origin 2) Latin (3
- 6. NATIVE Vocabulary: stability; semantic value (parts of body, family members & closest relatives, animals, common actions,
- 7. Conditions stimulating borrowing process: close contact; domination of some lg/s; a sense of need – to
- 8. Source of borrowings – the lg from which the loan word was taken into English. Origin
- 9. WAYS of BORROWINGS through oral speech written speech time length of words peculiarities of words
- 10. 2. Types of borrowings borrowings proper (table, chair, people; iceberg, lobby); translation-loans/calques; semantic loans; international words;
- 11. CALQUES – words/expressions formed from the material existing in the lg but according to patterns taken
- 12. SEMANTIC LOANS – words that acquired a new mg due to the influence of a related
- 13. INTERNATIONAL words – words of identical origin that appear in several lgs as a result of
- 14. COMBINING FORMS/neo-classical compounds – words made of borrowed roots of Greek/Latin origin telephone, photograph, bioenergy, futurology
- 15. HYBRID WORDS – words made up of elements derived from two or more lgs: Gr./Lat./Fr. +
- 16. ETYMOLOGICAL DOUBLETS – 2 words of the same lg derived from the same basic word but
- 17. Lat. ‘quies’, ‘quietus’ Eng. ‘quiet’ Fr. Eng. ‘quite’ Gr. ‘thesauros’ (a store) Lat. Eng. ‘thesaurus’ OFr.
- 18. Etymol. triplets: hospital (Lat.) – hostel (Norm. Fr.) – hotel (Par. Fr.) capture – catch --
- 19. FOLK ETYMOLOGY – mistaken forms OFr. salier (‘salt-box’) salt-cellar Sp. cucuracha cockroach Fr. surounder (‘overflow’) Eng.
- 20. ASSIMILATION of borrowings – adaptation of a loan word to the norms of the given lg
- 21. Degree of assimilation: complete (sky, get, skin, skirt; table, sport) 2) partial: non-assimilated semantically: sombrero, shah,
- 22. 3) n/a = barbarisms (dolce vita; tête-à-tête; Déjà Vu; beau monde)
- 23. 4. Linguistic effects of borrowing increase in stylistic synonyms (cordial – friendly, desire – wish, admire
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