Syllables

Сентябрь 3, 2022

Содержание

2. Words can be cut up into units called syllables. Syllable is a unit of spoken language
3. Determine how many syllables are in the following words: Emily Trevor Suzy Restroom Recess Book Environment
4. Syllables and their parts The parts are onset and rhyme; within the rhyme we find the
5. Onset (O) Onset: the beginning sounds of the syllable; the ones preceding the nucleus. These are
6. Rhyme (R) Rhyme (or rime): the rest of the syllable, after the onset (the underlined portions
7. Nucleus (N) is the core or essential part of a syllable. A nucleus must be present
8. [ l ] and the nasals [ m n ] become syllable nuclei when they follow
9. Coda (C) Coda is the ending sound of the syllable, the ones preceding the nucleus. These
10. Linguists often use tree diagrams to illustrate syllable structure. 'Flop', for example, would look like this
11. Steps to determine the diagram: Determine the nucleus (N) Add Rhyme ( R ) on the
12. If a syllable has the coda, it is called as closed syllable Example : cap, sit,
13. Draw, the syllable structure of the following words: apron basic began begin depend even hotel
14. Syllables and Clusters A syllable must contain a vowel or a vowel-like sound. The most common
15. Coda, onset and nucleus syllable onset rhyme (optional) Nucleus coda (not optional) (optional) one or more
16. syllables open syllables closed syllables Syllables which end syllables which in a vowel and end in
17. Consonant clusters: both the onset and the coda can consist of more that one consonant e.g.
18. Syllabic consonants Sometimes when a vowel is elided a consonant can become a syllabic nucleus. Only
19. Syllables and stress Some syllables are more prominent than others. These are termed ‘stressed’ syllables. Stress
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Words can be cut up into units called syllables.
Syllable is

a unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound.
Humans seem to need syllables as a way of segmenting the stream of speech and giving it a rhythm of strong and weak beats.
Syllables exist only to make speech easier for the brain to process.
A word contains at least one syllable.

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Determine how many syllables are in the following words:
Emily
Trevor
Suzy
Restroom
Recess
Book
Environment

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Syllables and their parts
The parts are onset and rhyme; within the rhyme we

find the nucleus and coda.
Not all syllables have all parts; the smallest possible syllable contains a nucleus only.
A syllable may or may not have an onset and a coda.

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Onset (O)
Onset: the beginning sounds of the syllable; the ones preceding

the nucleus.
These are always consonants in English. The nucleus is a vowel in most cases, although the consonants [ r ], [ l ], [ m ], [ n ], and the velar nasal (the 'ng' sound) can also be the nucleus of a syllable.

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Rhyme (R)
Rhyme (or rime): the rest of the syllable, after the onset (the

underlined portions of the words above). The rhyme can also be divided up:

Rhyme = nucleus + coda

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Nucleus (N)
is the core or essential part of a syllable. A

nucleus must be present in order for a syllable to be present.
In English and most other languages, most syllable nuclei are vowels.
The English liquids [ r l ] and the nasals [ m n ] can be the nuclei of syllables under certain conditions. [ r ] can be a nucleus as easily as a vowel, in any position: the words 'bird', have [ r ] as the nucleus; in other words, there is no vowel in the pronunciation of these syllables, even though they have one in the spelling.
[brd]

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[ l ] and the nasals [ m n ] become

syllable nuclei when they follow an alveolar consonant in the last syllable of a word. This happens in the relaxed or casual rather than very formal articulation of the word. Compare casual vs. formal pronunciations of 'button', 'bottle', 'bottom'.

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Coda (C)
Coda is the ending sound of the syllable, the ones

preceding the nucleus.
These are always consonants in English.
Onsets are strongly preferred over codas
Consonants in codas are weakened: think of what happens to r in many English dialects (car [kaa] versus red). Coda consonants are much longer. They affect stress patterns.

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Linguists often use tree diagrams to illustrate syllable structure. 'Flop', for

example, would look like this (the word appears in IPA symbols, not English spelling). 's' = 'syllable'; 'O' = 'onset'; 'R' = 'rhyme'; 'N' = 'nucleus'; 'C' = 'coda'.
The syllable node at the top of the tree branches into Onset and Rhyme; the Onset node branches because it contains two consonants, [ f ] and [ l ]. The Rhyme node branches because this syllable has both a nucleus and a coda.
σ / \ O R / \ / \ | | N C | | | | [ f l a p ]

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Steps to determine the diagram:
Determine the nucleus (N)
Add Rhyme (

R ) on the ordinate of the nucleus
Determine the onset (O) and the coda (C).

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If a syllable has the coda, it is called as closed

syllable
Example : cap, sit, man
If a syllable doesn’t have the coda it is called as open syllable.
Example : he, she, me

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Draw, the syllable structure of the following words:
apron
basic began begin
depend even hotel

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Syllables and Clusters
A syllable must contain a vowel or a vowel-like

sound.
The most common type of syllable in a language has a consonant as well.
When describing syllables:
C = consonant
V = vowel

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Coda, onset and nucleus
syllable
onset rhyme
(optional) Nucleus coda
(not

optional) (optional)
one or more
consonants vowel one or more
consonants

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syllables
open syllables closed syllables
Syllables which end syllables

which
in a vowel and end in a coda
no coda ‘consonants’

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Consonant clusters:
both the onset and the coda can consist

of more that one consonant
e.g. green (CCVC)
street (CCCVC)
post (CVCC)

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Syllabic consonants
Sometimes when a vowel is elided a consonant can become

a syllabic nucleus.
Only a consonant in the coda can become a syllabic nucleus.
Only the following actual consonants can become syllabic nuclei:
/l m n/

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