Theories of the Syllable

Сентябрь 3, 2022

Главная
Алгебра
Theories of the Syllable

Содержание

2. Expiratory Theory It is the oldest theory. Each syllable corresponds to a single expiration. A word
3. Method of Investigation It is easy to prove this theory with the help of the flame
4. Nevertheless, the theory is criticized by a number of scientists (e.g. G.P. Torsuyev, A.C. Gimson). [`si:ɪŋ]
5. Sonority Theory Sonority – an acoustic property of speech sounds which determines this or that degree
6. A syllable contains one "peak" of sonority separated from other peaks by "valleys" of lower sonority.
7. The theory fails to explain the mechanism of the syllable formation and syllable division. [`eks-trǝ] or
8. Theory of Muscular Tension Sounds in connected speech are pronounced with alternative intensification and slackening of
9. Loudness Theory Shcherba's definition is modified: The syllable is an arc of articulatory effort. The arc
11. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Expiratory Theory
It is the oldest theory.
Each syllable corresponds to a single

expiration.
A word contains as many syllables as there are such expirations made during its utterance.
Each vowel sound is pronounced with a fresh expiration.
The syllabic boundary is at the point where a fresh expiratory pulse begins.

Other names:
chest-pulse theory
pressure theory
by R.H. Stetson

Слайд 3

Method of Investigation
It is easy to prove this theory with the

help of the flame of a candle.

Слайд 4

Nevertheless, the theory is criticized by a number of scientists (e.g.

G.P. Torsuyev, A.C. Gimson).
[`si:ɪŋ] – linguistically can be divided into two units, while there is only one chest-pulse.
[stɑ:] – there are two expiratory pulses: the first is on the [s] and the second is on the [tɑ:] (which occurs due to the occlusion needed to articulate [t]), but the word is still monosyllabic.

Слайд 5

Sonority Theory
Sonority – an acoustic property of speech sounds which determines

this or that degree of their perceptibility.

= prominence theory
by Otto Jespersen,
R.I. Avanesov

SONORITY

VOWELS

SEMI-VOWELS

FRICTIONLESS CONTINUANTS

VOICED FRICATIVES

VOICED STOPS

VOICELESS FRICAITVES

VOICED STOPS

[i:], [e], [ɑ:]

[w], [j]

[l], [r], [ŋ]

[v], [z], [ʒ]

[b], [d], [g]

[f], [s], [ʃ]

[p], [t], [k]

Слайд 6

A syllable contains one "peak" of sonority separated from other peaks

by "valleys" of lower sonority.
[`sæd.n] – [æ] and [n] are the peaks separated by [d], which is less sonorous.
[sænd] – there is only one peak ([æ]) and, hence, one syllable.

Слайд 7

The theory fails to explain the mechanism of the syllable formation

and syllable division.
[`eks-trǝ] or [`ek-strǝ] ?
[ǝ neim] or [ǝn eim] ?
The sonority theory can only explain why this sequence consists of two syllables, but it cannot explain by what means and at what points it is divided into syllables in two different ways.

Слайд 8

Theory of Muscular Tension
Sounds in connected speech are pronounced with alternative

intensification and slackening of muscular tension.
Each peak of intensification with the following slackening of tension forms a syllable.
Sounds that are pronounced with intensification of muscular tension are termed pitch sounds.
The syllable is an arc of articulatory tension.
The pitch sound is the centre of the syllable and of the arc of tension (vowel or sonorant).

by L.V. Shcherba,
A.V. Vasilyev

Слайд 9

Loudness Theory
Shcherba's definition is modified:
The syllable is an arc of articulatory

effort.
The arc of loudness of perception level is formed due to variations of the volume of the pharyngeal passage which is modified by contractions of its walls.
The narrowing of the passage and the increase in muscular tension reinforce the actual loudness of a vowel, forming the peak of the syllable.

by N.I. Zhinkin