Morality, Ethics, Business Ethics: Basic Definitions and Aspects

Июль 26, 2022

Главная
Бизнес и предпринимательство
Morality, Ethics, Business Ethics: Basic Definitions and Aspects

Содержание

2. Major Issues What is Morality? What is Ethics? Who sets them? Business Ethics: Three Levels Responsibility
3. Merck Case: River Blindness Why did Merck (CEO) finally decide to produce the ‘river blindness’ medicine?
4. Merck and River Blindness Victims as potential Customers Business and implications Cost benefits : Profitability For-profit
5. Merck Case: Lessons Ethical business behavior might be…. very expensive and unprofitable for a company in
6. What is Morality? Standards about what is ‘right or wrong’ or what is ‘good or evil’
7. Characteristics of Moral Standards Not established or changed by authoritative bodies Preferred to other values including
8. What is Ethics? Ethics the study of morality Ethics refers to the process of describing, analyzing
9. Business Ethics: Three Levels Moral standards that apply to: Countries/ Societies: Systemic Corporate and Business policies:
10. Business Ethics: Three Levels Corporate Systemic Individual
11. Corporate and Business Level: Examples Competition (Price fixing, Anti-trust) Accounting Information (Insider trading, Compensation, Bribery) Human
12. Case: Gun Manufacturers Are manufacturers/ dealers ever morally responsible for deaths caused by the use of
13. Moral Standards: Corporations or Individuals? Are corporations to be treated like human beings? Can corporations be
14. Moral Responsibility and Blame Whether someone is to blame for an act. Depends upon: Whether the
15. Whistleblowers When should an employee who learns of something that seems illegal and/or immoral at his/her
16. Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg 1976) Pre-Conventional Stages: Responding to Rules Conventional Stages: Meeting Social Expectations
17. Moral Development ONE Pre- Conventional Stages: Responding to RULES Stage 1: Punishment / Obedience Orientation Physical
18. Moral Development TWO Conventional Stages: Meeting social expectations Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance Orientation Living to the
19. Moral Development THREE Post-Conventional: Autonomous, Critical Stages Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation Effort to be impartial,
20. Kohlberg vs. Gilligan Gilligan (1982): Kohlberg’s theory applies to males, not females Male approach impersonal, impartial,
21. Business Ethics: Global Standards and Approach Standards have to be applied everywhere the same Legal infrastructure
22. Divergent Societies/Business Cultures: Ethical Relativists or ‘Local Approach’ Different countries/ societies and different codes No absolute
23. Global Society with local Business Cultures: ‘Glocal’ Approach Set of major standards have to be applied
25. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

Major Issues
What is Morality? What is Ethics?
Who sets them?
Business Ethics: Three

Levels
Responsibility
Moral Development
Global Standards
Technology and Business Ethics

Слайд 3

Merck Case: River Blindness
Why did Merck (CEO) finally decide to produce

the ‘river blindness’ medicine?
What would you have done as Merck’s CEO? Discuss Pro’s and Con’s for the development of the drug and make a final proposal.
Should corporations be required to act as Merck did?

Слайд 4

Merck and River Blindness
Victims as potential Customers
Business and implications
Cost benefits :

Profitability
For-profit organization
Shareholders
Long-term strategy
Marketing and Economic infrastructure (Africa, Latin America)
Technology risk/ Legal infrastructure/ Property rights

Слайд 5

Merck Case: Lessons
Ethical business behavior might be…. very expensive and unprofitable

for a company in the short-term….but it can be very profitable and beneficial for a company in the long-term…and it takes sometimes a lot of guts to behave ethically

Слайд 6

What is Morality?
Standards about what is ‘right or wrong’ or what

is ‘good or evil’
Standards are set by
Individuals (take care of family)
Social Groups (Neighborhood, Sports clubs)
Professional Groups (Hippocratic Oath)
Religions (making money out of interest)
Societies

Слайд 7

Characteristics of Moral Standards
Not established or changed by authoritative bodies
Preferred to

other values including self-interest
Based on impartial considerations

Слайд 8

What is Ethics?
Ethics the study of morality
Ethics refers to the process

of describing, analyzing moral standards and moral dilemmas
Ethics can be a descriptive and/ or normative discipline

Слайд 9

Business Ethics: Three Levels
Moral standards that apply to:
Countries/ Societies: Systemic
Corporate and

Business policies: Corporate
Top Managers, Employees, Owners, Shareholders: Individuals

Слайд 10

Business Ethics: Three Levels
Corporate
Systemic
Individual

Слайд 11

Corporate and Business Level: Examples
Competition (Price fixing, Anti-trust)
Accounting Information (Insider trading,

Compensation, Bribery)
Human Resource Management (Discrimination)
Ethics of Sales and Marketing (Children, Immoral)
Production (Addictive: Drugs, Glue; Pollution)
Intellectual Property (ownership, industrial espionage)

Слайд 12

Case: Gun Manufacturers
Are manufacturers/ dealers ever morally responsible for deaths caused

by the use of their products? Why or why not?

Слайд 13

Moral Standards: Corporations or Individuals?
Are corporations to be treated like human

beings?
Can corporations be said to be ‘responsible’ and what does it mean in a practical sense?
Yes: to the extent that corps. have objectives, they are morally responsible and have moral duties
No: Corps. have no ‘moral duties’, therefore may not be said to be “morally responsible”
Compromise: Corps. are not human beings but individuals are the primary ‘carriers’ of moral responsibility so they ‘partially’ have moral duties

Слайд 14

Moral Responsibility and Blame
Whether someone is to blame for an act.

Depends upon:
Whether the person freely and knowingly committed the act although it was morally wrong
Whether the person freely and knowingly failed to prevent the act although it was morally wrong to fail to do so
Ignorance and inability are excusing conditions
Except when ignorance is willful
Minimal involvement (a softening factor)
Subordinate carrying out unethical order ( ‘loyal agent’)

Слайд 15

Whistleblowers
When should an employee who learns of something that seems illegal

and/or immoral at his/her place of employment expose it to the government or media?
Are whistleblowers courageous? What might happen to their careers?
Are they disloyal?
Ex: Iraq War, Mattel, Ford

Слайд 16

Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg 1976)
Pre-Conventional Stages: Responding to Rules
Conventional Stages:

Meeting Social Expectations
Post-Conventional Stages: Autonomous Development of Principles

Слайд 17

Moral Development ONE
Pre- Conventional Stages: Responding to RULES
Stage 1: Punishment

/ Obedience Orientation
Physical consequences (for ex. stealing)
Stage 2: Instrument / Relativity Orientation
Instruments for satisfaction/ rewards (sweets)

Слайд 18

Moral Development TWO
Conventional Stages: Meeting social expectations
Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance

Orientation
Living to the expectations of those to whom one is closely attached, loyal (affection, good performer)
Stage 4: Law and Order Orientation
Loyalty social systems (groups, societies, country); sometimes in contrast to own motives

Слайд 19

Moral Development THREE
Post-Conventional: Autonomous, Critical Stages
Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
Effort

to be impartial, critical, rational, fair approach toward consensus (everything is relative, everything to be tolerated)
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation
Right action is now defined in terms of logical comprehensiveness, consistency, universality, and reason

Слайд 20

Kohlberg vs. Gilligan
Gilligan (1982): Kohlberg’s theory applies to males, not females
Male

approach impersonal, impartial, abstract
Female approach caring, being responsible, sustaining relationships
Females follow different stages of moral development: caring for oneself only, caring for others, achieving a balance

Слайд 21

Business Ethics: Global Standards and Approach
Standards have to be applied

everywhere the same
Legal infrastructure (business laws: corruption, collusion etc.)
Economic infrastructure (labor laws: hiring-firing; labor costs: minimum wage/ health insurance)
Political infrastructure (regulation, de-regulation)

Слайд 22

Divergent Societies/Business Cultures: Ethical Relativists or ‘Local Approach’
Different countries/ societies and different

codes
No absolute standards about ‘right or wrong’
Accept all rules from different societies (‘Do as the Romans do’)

Слайд 23

Global Society with local Business Cultures: ‘Glocal’ Approach
Set of major

standards have to be applied everywhere the same….but
…specific standards to be decided and applied locally

Morality, Ethics, Business Ethics: Basic Definitions and Aspects

Содержание

Major IssuesWhat is Morality? What is Ethics?Who sets them?Business Ethics: Three

Merck Case: River BlindnessWhy did Merck (CEO) finally decide to produce

Merck and River BlindnessVictims as potential CustomersBusiness and implicationsCost benefits :

Merck Case: LessonsEthical business behavior might be…. very expensive and unprofitable

What is Morality?Standards about what is ‘right or wrong’ or what

Characteristics of Moral StandardsNot established or changed by authoritative bodiesPreferred to

What is Ethics?Ethics the study of moralityEthics refers to the process

Business Ethics: Three LevelsMoral standards that apply to:Countries/ Societies: SystemicCorporate and

Business Ethics: Three LevelsCorporateSystemicIndividual

Corporate and Business Level: ExamplesCompetition (Price fixing, Anti-trust)Accounting Information (Insider trading,

Case: Gun ManufacturersAre manufacturers/ dealers ever morally responsible for deaths caused

Moral Standards: Corporations or Individuals?Are corporations to be treated like human

Moral Responsibility and BlameWhether someone is to blame for an act.

WhistleblowersWhen should an employee who learns of something that seems illegal

Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg 1976)Pre-Conventional Stages: Responding to RulesConventional Stages:

Moral Development ONEPre- Conventional Stages: Responding to RULES Stage 1: Punishment

Moral Development TWOConventional Stages: Meeting social expectations Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance

Moral Development THREEPost-Conventional: Autonomous, Critical StagesStage 5: Social Contract Orientation Effort

Kohlberg vs. GilliganGilligan (1982): Kohlberg’s theory applies to males, not femalesMale

Business Ethics: Global Standards and Approach Standards have to be applied

Divergent Societies/Business Cultures: Ethical Relativists or ‘Local Approach’Different countries/ societies and different

Global Society with local Business Cultures: ‘Glocal’ Approach Set of major

Похожие презентации