Alkynes

Июль 30, 2022

Содержание

2. Alkynes(or acetylenes) Hydrocarbons that contain the carboncarbon triple bond –C (triple)C- are called alkynes General formula:
3. NOMENCLATURE The naming of alkynes is similar to that of other hydrocarbons. Alkynes may contain more
4. CYCLOALKYNES Alkynes may be cyclo compounds (cycloalkynes). The simplest stable cycloalkyne at room temperature is cyclononyne.
5. ISOMERISM The triple bond may be in different locations in an alkyne, so alkynes can exhibit
6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Similar to alkanes, alkenes : Insoluble in water. BUT Soluble in organic solvents Density
7. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alkynes are unsaturated compounds and their chemical properties are similar to alkenes. Alkynes undergo
8. COMBUSTION REACTIONS Alkynes produce CO2 and H20 when they're burnt with a sufficient amount of oxigen.
9. ADDITION REACTIONS Addition reactions occur by breaking the π bonds of the triple bond. Hydrogen, halogens,
10. PREPERATION OF ALKYNES Alkynes can be synthesized from metallic acetlylides and alkyl halides.
11. ACETYLENE Acetylene, the first member of the alkyne series, is one of the major chemicals used
12. ALKYNYL GROUP Alkynyl groups are formed from alkynes by removing one H atom. The most common
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Alkynes(or acetylenes)
Hydrocarbons that contain the carboncarbon triple bond –C (triple)C- are called alkynes
General formula: CnH2n-2 (n>1)
Alkynes are named by using the –yne suffix in place of the –ane suffix

of alkanes.
Each triple bond contains one sigma (σ) and two pi (π) bonds.
Because of the π bonds in their structure alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

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NOMENCLATURE
The naming of alkynes is similar to that of other hydrocarbons.
Alkynes may contain more than

one triple bond.
Alkenynes

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CYCLOALKYNES
Alkynes may be cyclo compounds (cycloalkynes).
The simplest stable cycloalkyne at room temperature is cyclononyne.

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ISOMERISM
The triple bond may be in different locations in an alkyne, so alkynes can

exhibit structural isomerism.
For the first two members of alkynes there is only one possible position for bond, so for these cases there is no isomerism.
Alkynes, alkadienes and cycloalkenes containing the same number of carbon atoms are isomers of each other.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Similar to alkanes, alkenes :
Insoluble in water. BUT
Soluble in organic solvents
Density less than water

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Alkynes are unsaturated compounds and their chemical properties are similar to alkenes.
Alkynes undergo combustion reactions and

addition reactions, as alkenes do.
In addition, alkynes undergo substitution reactions with metals.

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COMBUSTION REACTIONS
Alkynes produce CO2 and H20 when they're burnt with a

sufficient amount of oxigen. The general combustion reaction is:

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ADDITION REACTIONS
Addition reactions occur by breaking the π bonds of the triple

bond. Hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water may give addition reactions with alkynes.
ADDITION OF HYDROGEN :
Two hydrogen molecules are added to one triple bond using a nickel, platinum or palladium catalyst. Alkenes are the intermediate products.

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PREPERATION OF ALKYNES
Alkynes can be synthesized from metallic acetlylides and alkyl halides.

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ACETYLENE
Acetylene, the first member of the alkyne series, is one of the major chemicals

used in industry.
Physical properties:
Very light odor
Colorless
Soluble in water
Soluble in acetone
Boiling point -83* C
Can be liquified at 1*C
Chemical properties:
It burns with a bright flame
Explodes at about 15 atm pressure

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ALKYNYL GROUP
Alkynyl groups are formed from alkynes by removing one H atom. The most

common alkynyl groups are ethynyl, 1–propynyl, and 1–butynyl

Alkynes

Содержание

Alkynes(or acetylenes)Hydrocarbons that contain the carboncarbon triple bond –C (triple)C- are called alkynesGeneral formula: CnH2n-2 (n>1)Alkynes are named by using the –yne suffix in place of the –ane suffix

NOMENCLATUREThe naming of alkynes is similar to that of other hydrocarbons.Alkynes may contain more than

CYCLOALKYNESAlkynes may be cyclo compounds (cycloalkynes). The simplest stable cycloalkyne at room temperature is cyclononyne.

ISOMERISMThe triple bond may be in different locations in an alkyne, so alkynes can

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESSimilar to alkanes, alkenes :Insoluble in water. BUT Soluble in organic solventsDensity less than water

CHEMICAL PROPERTIESAlkynes are unsaturated compounds and their chemical properties are similar to alkenes.Alkynes undergo combustion reactions and

COMBUSTION REACTIONSAlkynes produce CO2 and H20 when they're burnt with a

ADDITION REACTIONSAddition reactions occur by breaking the π bonds of the triple

PREPERATION OF ALKYNESAlkynes can be synthesized from metallic acetlylides and alkyl halides.

ACETYLENEAcetylene, the first member of the alkyne series, is one of the major chemicals

ALKYNYL GROUPAlkynyl groups are formed from alkynes by removing one H atom. The most

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