Содержание
- 2. LECTURE No. 2 CARBON BASED MATERIALS
- 3. OBJECTIVES To describe the structure and the most important characteristics of fullerenes, their formation and properties.
- 4. OUTLINE Fullerenes. The structure and its characteristics. Types of fullerenes. Mechanism of formation. Chemical properties. Applications.
- 5. Importance of the carbon atoms The most studied chemical element Forms organic compounds with: H, O
- 6. 1940-1960. The graphite, semimetal with very anisotropic forms is investigated exhaustively. 1975-1978. The polyacetylene (CH)n, doped,
- 7. Carbon based materials
- 8. Fullerenes They were discovered in 1985 by Harold Kroto, James R. Heath, Sean O'Brien, Robert Curl,
- 9. Characteristics of Fullerenes Structural beauty and versatility to form new compounds. Forms like spheres, ellipsoids or
- 10. Characteristics of Fullerenes Geodesic dome (Buckminster Fuller)
- 11. Characteristics of Fullerenes Geodesic dome (Buckminster Fuller) (Buckminsterfullerenes)
- 12. The most common form of fullerens: C60
- 13. Characteristics of C60 There are 60 carbon atoms bonding together like hexagons and pentagons in a
- 14. Characteristics of C60 Each carbon atom is bonded to three others. Yellow bonds represent double bonds
- 15. Characteristics of C60 Double bonds have shorter bond lenght: Instability in the pentagonal rings Poor delocalization
- 16. Physical properties Density: 1,72 g/cm3 Poorly soluble in most solvents (toluene and carbon disulfide. Solutions of
- 17. Chemical properties. Reactions of addition. Halogenation. Fluorides. C60F2, C60F4, C60F6, C60F8
- 18. Chemical properties. Reactions of addition. Halogenation. Chlorides.
- 19. Chemical properties. Reactions of addition. Hydrogenation.
- 20. Chemical properties. Endohedral fullerenes They are fullerenes that have additional atoms, ions, or clusters enclosed within
- 21. Chemical properties. Endohedral fullerenes 1. Within the carbon skeleton can be one or more metal atoms.
- 22. Chemical properties. Endohedral fullerenes 2. Atoms of inert gases and nitrogen.
- 23. Chemical properties. Endohedral fullerenes The first C60 complex was synthesized in 1985 and called lanthanum C60
- 24. Applications Electronics, chemistry, medicine, optics As the basis to produce batteries Optical gates As additives for
- 25. Control questions 1. Describe in briefly what is fullerenes? 2. Mention the main characteristics of fullerenes.
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