PowerShell: Познать за 9 часов

Немного истории

Command.com with a batch-files
Windows Script Host (cscript.exe) JScript and VBScript,
Monad, aka

Язык высокого уровня
Базируется на .NET
Командлеты является специализированными классами .NET
Возможность пользоваться конвейером
Расширенная

Единственное мощное средство в Windows 2008 (2012) Server Core
Выполнение рутинных

http://msdn.microsoft.com/ru-ru/library/cc281945(v=sql.105).aspx
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShell
http://stackoverflow.com (Ответы на многие вопросы)
http://blogs.msdn.com/b/powershell/
http://www.computerperformance.co.uk/powershell/
http://thepowershellguy.com/blogs/posh/default.aspx

Ресурсы по PowerShell в Сети

PowerShell в книгах

PowerShell в книгах

PowerShell в книгах

PowerShell в книгах

PowerShell в книгах

Verb-Noun
Get-Command
Set-ADUser
Add-Computer
Remove-EventLog
…

Правила именования Commandlets

powershell[.exe] [-PSConsoleFile FileName | -Version VersionNumber ]
[-NoLogo] [-NoExit] [-NoProfile] [-NonInteractive]

Рабочая среда

PowerShell

PowerShell_ISE

Варианты её настройки

Варианты её настройки

if ($host.name -eq "ConsoleHost") {
$size=New-Object System.Management.Automation.Host.Size(120,80);
$host.ui.rawui.WindowSize=$size
}
$myHostWin = $host.ui.rawui
$myHostWin.ForegroundColor = "Blue"
$myHostWin.BackgroundColor

Запускаем Powershell, затем PowerShell_ISE

Знакомство

ExecutionPolicy

PS> Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
PS> Get-ExecutionPolicy
RemoteSigned
PS>

Изменение ExecutionPolicy

1. Aliases PowerShell looks for alternate built-in or profile-defined aliases for

PS> 1kb
1024
PS> 1mb
1048576
PS> 1gb
1073741824
PS> (1024*1024)/1MB
1

Использование GB, MB, и KB

Общие параметры для всех CmdLet

A pipeline is a method of passing data from one command

Пару слов про Aliases

Aliases

Get-Module

Modules

dir
dir | sort Length -Descending
dir | sort Length -Descending |

Основные команды
Read-Host – read data from host
Import-Csv – import data from

Out-* —cmdlets that send the objects or formatting records to a

For –foregroundcolor and –backgroudcolor the next colors can be used:
Black
DarkBlue
DarkGreen
DarkCyan
DarkRed
DarkMagenta
DarkYellow
Gray
DarkGray
Blue
Green
Cyan
Red
Magenta
Yellow
White

Colors

Вывод Output (Часть команд)

Нужно спросить имя пользователя и вывести его на экран жёлтым цветом
Нужно

$a = 1
$a | Get-Member TypeName: System.Int32
…
$b = "1"
$b |

$a = 1;
$b = “1”;
$c = “abc”;
$d = $a / $b;
$e

Get-ChildItem variable: (Yes. It’s a drive)
Get-Help …
About_Automatic_variables —variables created and maintained by

It represents the current object coming down the pipeline
Get-ChildItem "c:\temp" |

$a = 1,2,3,4,5
$b = 1..5
$c = "a","b","c","d","e"
$a = @(1,2,3,4,5)
$a = @()
for($i=1;$i-le5;$i++){$a

Операторы сравнения

8 –eq 4
$a = “3”;
$b =3;
$a –eq $b;
$a

Get-ChildItem "C:\Temp" | Where{!$_.PsIsContainer} |
ForEach-Object {
if ($_.Length -gt 1MB)

$files = Get-ChildItem "C:\Temp" |
Where {!$_.PsIsContainer}
foreach ($file in $files){

Foreach-Object cmdlet
Foreach loop
For loop
Do loop
While loop

Циклы

for ($i = 0; $i -lt somevalue; $i++) {
< PowerShell

Циклы Foreach-Object

$Out1 = @"
$count files are smaller than 1MB and

Use the following syntax for a foreach loop:
foreach ($item in $collection_of_items)

$date = (Get-Date).Adddays(-10)
$files = Get-ChildItem "c:\Temp" | Where{!$_.PSIsContainer}
foreach($file in $files){

while () {
< PowerShell code>
}

Циклы While

$data = 1..57
$j = 1
while ($j -le 10){
$qqq =

do {
< PowerShell code>
} until ()
do {
< PowerShell code>
}

$i = 1
do {
$name = "Testfolder_$i"
New-Item -ItemType directory -Name

Get-Help
Get-Command
Get-Member
Get-PSDrive

4 ваших лучших друга

Get-Help
get-service | get-member -membertype *property

Получение помощи (Get-Help)

Get-Command
Get-Command ipconfig.exe | Format-List
Get-Command *process
Get-Command -Module ActiveDirectory | Sort verb, noun
Get-Command

Get-Help Get-Member
Get-Process c* | Get-Member
Get-Process c* | Get-Member -MemberType Property |

Get-Help about
Get-Help -detailed
Get-Help -full
Get-Help -examples
Get-Help -online
Get-Help about_topic_name

Расширенное

Single line comments:
#
Multiline comments: <# … #>

Основы

function Name {
param(
[type]$ParameterA = default_value,
[type]$ParameterB = default_value
)

$data = 1..57
$i = 1
while ($i -le 10) {
$name

Scope defines how scripts and functions work with variables. When PowerShell

PS> $env:psmodulepath -split ";"
C:\Users\Alex\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules
C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\
PS> Get-Module -ListAvailable
ModuleType Name ExportedCommands
---------- ---- ----------------
Manifest FileFunctions

Рабочие примеры

Based on 02.ps1
Show process list as a Table
Show by Grouping processes

function get-ms {
$ie = New-Object -ComObject InternetExplorer.Application
$ie.Navigate("http://www.microsoft.com/")
while ($ie.busy) { Start-Sleep -seconds

Рабочие примеры

Based on 04.ps1
Add new menu point, that route us to the

Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_ComputerSystem |
Format-List Name, SystemType, NumberOfProcessors
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_Processor |

Get-WMIObject –list Returning a long list
Get-WmiObject -List *OperatingSystem*
Either option will return

PS> $t = Get-WMIObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem | Select LastBootUpTime
>>
PS> $t

Two different ways, doing the same.
Using [WMIClass] is a shortcut for

Рабочие примеры

Obtaining a Process list (07.ps1)
Make it friendly
Make it more friendly
Changing sort

.NET VERSIONS PowerShell v1 needs . NET 2.0. PowerShell v2 needs

PS> [System.Math]::Sqrt(16)
4
PS> [System.Math]::Pi
3.14159265358979

Интеграция с .NET Примеры.

[System.math] | get-member –Static
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Acos

Рабочие примеры

Converting everything to string (09.ps1)
Converting numbers
Converting dates
Converting times
Complex converting

Практика

Write-Host, Write-Warning, Write-Error
Read-Host, Measure-Command

Понятие отладки, базовые рекомендации

$sb = {
Get-ChildItem c:\*.*
}
Measure-Command -Expression $sb
Output should be like that:
Days :

At last: Write-Progress (-Activity, -Status, -PercentComplete, -CurrentOperation)
Find top 100 biggest files (10.ps1)
More

Find all *.tmp or anything else extension files from the root

Obtaining OS version for a group of computers. (12.ps1)
Make all above

Read the help files—there’s a mass of good information, especially in
the

Avoid enumerating collections—using ForEach-Object or the ForEach scripting construct—unless there’s no

Ping computer via PowerShell (13.ps1)
Pinging group of computers
Restart service
Another way