Basic life support

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Change in CPR Sequence: C-A-B Rather Than A-B-C

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The 2010 AHA Guidelines for CPR
recommend CAB sequence.
(chest compressions- airway-

breathing)
and continued in 2015 Guidlines

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Pediatric chain of survival 2010

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Circulation
Objective: Maintain adequate blood flow to vital organs

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In infants → 1 finger breadth below intermammary line
2 fingers or

thumbs encircling
At least 100/minute
1/3 to 1/2 of chest

Circulation

Brachial or femoral pulse is used to check for pulse

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In older children → the lower third of the sternum
Maintain continuous

head tilt with hand on forehead
One hand
100/minute
1/3 to 1/2 of chest (4-5 cm)

Circulation

Carotid pulse is used to check for pulse

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Absent pulse
Heart rate < 60 BPM (or < 80 in infants)

with signs of poor perfusion

Circulation-Chest Compressions

Indications for chest compression:

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Best Sign of Effective Circulation
Pulse with Each Compression

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Chest compressions : breaths 30:2 for one rescuer , 15:2 for 2

rescuers in all ages

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Airway Management
OBJECTIVE: Maintain Patent Airway
Open Airway
Head-tilt/chin-lift method
Jaw thrust method with possible

neck injury

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Airway Management
Head Tilt-Chin Lift
Jaw Thrust
Avoid extreme hyperextension

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Breathing
Look-Listen-Feel

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Breathing
Objective: Maintain Gas Exchange
Rescue Breathing
Mouth to mouth/nose-mouth
Bag and Mask

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Breathing-How much and how fast?
Adequate ventilation = adequate volume x adequate

rate
Volume: enough to cause chest rise
over 1-1.5 sec
Rate: first 2 rescue breathing , then 12- 20/min synchronized with cardiac compressions at a ratio of 2-15 if 2 rescuers and 2:30 if one rescuer

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Bag-Mask Ventilation
Proper area for mask application
Breathing

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Bag-Mask Ventilation
Breathing

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Best Sign of Effective Ventilation
Chest Rise

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Automated External Defibrillators

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AEDs are sophisticated, reliable, safe, computerized devices that deliver electric shocks

to victims of cardiac arrest when the ECG rhythm is one that is likely to respond to a shock. Simplicity of operation is a key feature: controls are kept to a minimum, voice and visual prompts guide rescuers. Modern AEDs are suitable for use by both lay rescuers and healthcare professionals
Incorporate a simple ECG display.
Analyze ECG tracing & attempts to detect VT or VF.

Automated external defibrillator (AED)

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