Tuberculosis

Июль 30, 2022

Содержание

2. Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease with specific granulomatous inflammation caused by a variety of tubercle
3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (95 %) M. bоvis (5 %)
4. Mode of transmission By inhalation into the respiratory tract. Ingestion. Through ingestion into GI tract leads
5. 5
6. Features of Primary Tuberculosis Development of disease at the first getting of the activator into the
7. PRIMARY COMPLEX OF TUBERCULOSIS "Ghon complex“ consists of Pulmonary component so called Primary affect or primary
8. There is small tan-yellow subpleural granuloma in the mid-lung field on the right (1). In the
9. It is 1-2 cm solitary area of caseous pneumonia surrounding by perifocal serous inflammation. A central
10. Primary tuberculosis of alimentary tract Tuberculous mesenterial lymphadenitis
11. Calcified pulmonary lymph nodes in tuberculosis Calcification
12. Hematogenous generalization of Primary Tuberculosis
13. Classifications of hematogenous tuberculosis Generalized hematogenous tuberculosis: а) The most acute tubercular sepsis. b) Acute general
14. On closer inspection, the granulomas have areas of caseous necrosis with formation of the small cavernes.
15. Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis The focal nature of granulomatous inflammation is demonstrated in this microscopic section of
16. Miliary tuberculosis of the spleen 41
17. RENAL TUBERCULOSIS 39
18. MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS IN LIVER 40
19. Forms or stages of the secondary tuberculosis: 1.Acute local tuberculosis. 2.Fibrous-local tuberculosis. 3.Infiltrative tuberculosis. 4.Tuberculoma. 5.Caseous
20. Acute local tuberculosis There are several 1 cm diameter, partially calcified foci (dry, crumbly, and white)
21. Fibrous-local tuberculosis
22. Infiltrative tuberculosis
23. Tuberculoma
24. Caseous pneumonia
25. Greyish-white wall of the cavity 2 to 3 mm thick Acute cavernous tuberculosis Wall of acute
26. Fibrous – cavernous tuberculosis
27. Fibrotic scar in the wall of tuberculous cavity consists of fibroblast, collagen, and scattered Langerhans giant
28. Cirrhotic tuberculosis
29. Complications and causes of death Scarring and calcification. Pneumothorax. Empyema. Pleural fibrosis and adhesions, with associated
30. Pleural fibrosis and adhesions, with associated pleurisy, sharp pleuritic pain, and shortness of breath. Pneumothorax
31. Acute hemorrhage due to erosion of vessels.
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Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease with specific granulomatous inflammation caused

by a variety of tubercle bacilli, especially Micobacterium tuberculosis hominis and M. t. bovis.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis (95 %)
M. bоvis (5 %)

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Mode of transmission
By inhalation into the respiratory tract.
Ingestion. Through ingestion into

GI tract leads to development to tonsillar or intestinal tuberculosis.
Inoculation. Through mucous membranes of mouth and throat, skin.
Transplacental route results in development of congenital tuberculosis in fetus from infected mother.

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Features of Primary Tuberculosis
Development of disease at the first getting of

the activator into the organism.
Sensibilization and allergy of HIT (Hypersensitivity of Immediate Type) .
Prevalence of the exudative - necrotic changes.
Tendency to hematogenous and lymphogenous generalization and also to chronic duration.
Paraspecific reactions such as: vasculitis, nodous erythema, arthritis.
Primary Tuberculosis used to be found most often in young children, but in industrialized countries it has become more common in the elderly and debilitated, in alcoholics, and in high-risk racial groups.

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PRIMARY COMPLEX OF TUBERCULOSIS
"Ghon complex“ consists of
Pulmonary component so called Primary

affect or primary focus or Ghon’s focus.
II. Lymphatic vessel component occurs by Tuberculous lymphangitis.
III. Lymph node component occurs by Tuberculous lymphadenitis.

III

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There is small tan-yellow subpleural granuloma in the mid-lung field on

the right (1). In the hilum is a small yellow tan granuloma in a hilar lymph node next to a bronchus (2).

PRIMARY COMPLEX OF TUBERCULOSIS

Seen here in a hilar lymph node is a "caseating"
granuloma.
Granulomas have prominent caseous necrosis. Grossly, areas of caseation appear cheese-like.

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It is 1-2 cm solitary area of caseous pneumonia surrounding by

perifocal serous inflammation. A central area of necrosis appears irregular, amorphous, and pink. Grossly, areas of caseation appear cheese-like.

Primary affect

CASEATING LYMPH NODE TUBERCULOSIS

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Primary tuberculosis of alimentary tract
Tuberculous mesenterial lymphadenitis

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Calcified pulmonary lymph nodes in tuberculosis
Calcification

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Hematogenous generalization of Primary Tuberculosis

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Classifications of hematogenous tuberculosis
Generalized hematogenous tuberculosis:
а) The most acute tubercular

sepsis.
b) Acute general miliary tuberculosis.
c) Acute general large-focal tuberculosis.
d) Chronic miliary tuberculosis.
Hematogenous pulmonary tuberculosis:
а) Acute miliary tuberculosis.
б) Chronic miliary tuberculosis.
в) Chronic large-focal tuberculosis or hematogenous-disseminative.
Hematogenous tuberculosis with unpulmonary lesions or organic tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis of the kidneys, of urinary- genital tract, of skin, of bone- articular, of endocrine organs and others .

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On closer inspection, the granulomas have areas of caseous necrosis with

formation of the small cavernes. This is very extensive granulomatous disease. This pattern of multiple caseating granulomas primarily in the upper lobes is most characteristic of postprimary hematogenous (reactivation) tuberculosis.

Tuberculous leptomeningitis

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Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis
The focal nature of granulomatous inflammation is demonstrated in

this microscopic section of lung in which there are scattered granulomas in the parenchyma.

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Miliary tuberculosis of the spleen
41

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RENAL TUBERCULOSIS
39

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MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS IN LIVER
40

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Forms or stages of the secondary tuberculosis:
1.Acute local tuberculosis.
2.Fibrous-local tuberculosis.
3.Infiltrative tuberculosis.
4.Tuberculoma.
5.Caseous

pneumonia.
6.Acute cavernous tuberculosis.
7.Fibrous – cavernous tuberculosis.
8.Cirrhotic tuberculosis.

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Acute local tuberculosis
There are several 1 cm diameter, partially calcified foci

(dry, crumbly, and white) that are surrounded by slaty, indurated scar tissue.

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Fibrous-local tuberculosis

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Infiltrative tuberculosis

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Tuberculoma

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Caseous pneumonia

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Greyish-white wall of the cavity 2 to 3 mm thick
Acute

cavernous tuberculosis

Wall of acute pneumoniogenic cavity

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Fibrous – cavernous tuberculosis

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Fibrotic scar in the wall of tuberculous cavity consists of fibroblast,

collagen, and scattered Langerhans giant cells

The wall of tuberculous cavity contains foci of calcification replacing the caseating granulomas

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Cirrhotic tuberculosis

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Complications and causes of death
Scarring and calcification.
Pneumothorax.
Empyema.
Pleural fibrosis and adhesions, with

associated pleurisy, sharp pleuritic pain, and shortness of breath.
Chronic respiratory-cardiac insufficiency due to development “cor pulmonale”.
Acute hemorrhage due to erosion of vessels.
Chronic renal insufficiency due to development of amiloidosis of kidneys.
Intoxication.

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Pleural fibrosis and adhesions, with associated pleurisy, sharp pleuritic pain, and

shortness of breath.
Pneumothorax

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Tuberculosis

Содержание

Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable disease with specific granulomatous inflammation caused

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (95 %)M. bоvis (5 %)

Mode of transmissionBy inhalation into the respiratory tract.Ingestion. Through ingestion into

5

Features of Primary TuberculosisDevelopment of disease at the first getting of

PRIMARY COMPLEX OF TUBERCULOSIS"Ghon complex“ consists ofPulmonary component so called Primary

There is small tan-yellow subpleural granuloma in the mid-lung field on

It is 1-2 cm solitary area of caseous pneumonia surrounding by

Primary tuberculosis of alimentary tractTuberculous mesenterial lymphadenitis

Calcified pulmonary lymph nodes in tuberculosisCalcification

Hematogenous generalization of Primary Tuberculosis

Classifications of hematogenous tuberculosisGeneralized hematogenous tuberculosis: а) The most acute tubercular