Influence quality of environment on the health of population

Август 5, 2022

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Influence quality of environment on the health of population

Содержание

2. CRITERIA QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ANALYTICAL MONITORING – estimation level of environmental pollution more or less, than
3. THE INFLUENCE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE HEALTH OF POPULATION The Health of population is the
4. ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY – It is changes of health under influence of harmful factors of environment of
5. EPIDEMIOLOGY Epidemiology – science about laws of distribution diseases in population METHODS OF RECEIVING EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA:
6. CONCEPT “HEALTH” Now there are very many concepts “Health” Theoretical Health (WHO) Individual Health Population Health:
7. THE FACTORS DETERMINING CONDITION OF HEALTH OF THE POPULATION (by World Health Organization): № Name of
8. QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF HEALTH OF THE POPULATION 1. DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES - birth rate, death rate, natural
9. USAGE INDEXES OF HEALTH FOR ESTIMATION QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT Most sensitive indexes of health for influence
10. LEVELS OF INFLUENCE OF THE POLLUTION OF ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH С (level of Pollution) 1 –
11. INFLUENCE OF POLLUTION OF ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH OF THE POPULATION DIRECT NEGATIVE INFLUENCE 1. SHARP INFLUENCE
12. LOS ANGELES AIR a) early in the morning, b) the air is clear
13. 2. CHRONIC NEGATIVE ACTION SPECIFIC NOT SPECIFIC CHRONIC SPECIFIC Deterioration parameters ILLNESSES: of Health of the
14. Methodical approaches to study influence of quality of environment on the Health of the population Traditional
15. 4 basic methodical scheme of researches: 1) Scheme 1: Х - > Y (Study influence of
16. Nontraditional (inversion) way of investigation influence of environmental contamination on the health of population It is
17. Zones of supervision (research) The zone of supervision - certain territory, on which it is studied
18. Rules of a choice of zones of supervision. The chosen zones of supervision should be identical
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CRITERIA QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
ANALYTICAL MONITORING – estimation level of environmental pollution

more or less, than MPC for each pollutant
MEDICAL MONITORING – by changes indexes of Health of population
ECOLOGICAL MONITIRING – by changes in ecosystems and biocenosis

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THE INFLUENCE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE HEALTH OF POPULATION
The

Health of population is the main integrated indicator of quality (level of pollution) of environment.
Indexes of the health of population are used at medical monitoring quality of environment in any place

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ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY –
It is changes of health under influence of harmful

factors of environment of different nature
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY divided on:
1. Ecologically dependent diseases – it is proved action of harmful factor of environment as reason of the disease (water-nitrate methemoglobinaemya, fluorosis, caries of teeth.)
2. Ecologically connected diseases – diseases, more often meet in population under influence of polluted environment (lung diseases, cardiac diseases, oncological diseases)

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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology – science about laws of distribution diseases in population
METHODS

OF RECEIVING EPIDEMIOLOGIC DATA:
Sanitary-Statistical method
Medical Inspection in Ambulance
Medical Inspection in Hospital
Natural Experiment

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CONCEPT “HEALTH”
Now there are very many concepts “Health”
Theoretical Health (WHO)
Individual Health
Population

Health:
Statistical Health – 95% confidential interval of normal indexes for healthy person in given part of population

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THE FACTORS DETERMINING CONDITION OF HEALTH OF THE POPULATION (by World

Health Organization):

№ Name of the factor Densities in %%
___________________________________________________________
1. MODE OF LIFE AND SOCIAL
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 49-53 %*
2. THE GENETIC FACTORS 18-22 %
3. POLLUTION ENVIRONMENT 17-20 % (40-60%)**
4. THE MEDICAL FACTORS 8-10 %
____________________________________________________________

The note: * - fluctuation on the different countries
** - in polluted regions

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QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS OF HEALTH OF THE POPULATION
1. DEMOGRAPHIC INDEXES -

birth rate, death rate, natural increase of population, etc.
2. SICK RATE (morbidity) – general morbidity, by separate groups of diseases, etc.
3. INDEXES OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT - is especial sensitive at children
4. INDEXES OF INVALIDISATION - amount of the invalids, on groups of invalidity

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USAGE INDEXES OF HEALTH FOR ESTIMATION QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT
Most sensitive indexes

of health for influence of environmental pollution:
SICK RATE (morbidity)
– general morbidity, by separate groups of diseases (pulmonary diseases).
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT of children and tenagers
Demographic indexes can change after long time, invalidity most of all shows action not environmental, but professional factors

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LEVELS OF INFLUENCE OF THE POLLUTION OF ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH

С (level of
Pollution) 1 – mortality
2 – morbidity
3 –pre-pathology
4 -not clear functional
deviations
5 -asymptomatic
Accumulation
pollutant
In organism
Amount of the people

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INFLUENCE OF POLLUTION OF ENVIRONMENT ON HEALTH OF THE POPULATION DIRECT NEGATIVE INFLUENCE

1. SHARP INFLUENCE
SPECIFIC NOT SPECIFIC
Specific acute poisonings Sharp provoking action
In population (London toxic fogs –
“Murderers”, Could
Los-Angeles type,
flashes of bronchial
astma)

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LOS ANGELES AIR a) early in the morning, b) the air is

clear

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2. CHRONIC NEGATIVE ACTION
SPECIFIC NOT SPECIFIC
CHRONIC SPECIFIC Deterioration parameters

ILLNESSES: of Health of the population
Fluorosis, etc. (demographic, morbidity,
physical development,
invalidity)
3. THE REMOTE EFFECTS:
Cancerogenic, Mutagenic, Ebriotropic, Teratogenic, Immunodepressive
INDIRECT NEGATIVE INFLUENCE
GROWTH OF RICKETS OR SKIN MELANOMAS (UVR), ACID RAINS, CONTAMINATION OF FOOD PRODUCTS, AESTHETIC DAMAGE (destroying monuments, buildings)

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Methodical approaches to study influence of quality of environment on the

Health of the population

Traditional way - the researches go from pollution of environment - to health of the population.
Here allocate 2 main concepts:
- Factorial attribute - Х - factor (s) of Environment, which action on health is studied;
- Productive attribute - Y - parameter (s) of health of the population

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4 basic methodical scheme of researches:
1) Scheme 1: Х -

> Y (Study influence of one factor of environment on one parameter of health);
2) Scheme 2: Х - > the Sum Y (Action of one factor of environment on a complex of parameters of health);
3) Scheme 3: Sum of Х - > Y (Action of a complex of the factors of environment on one parameter of health);
4) Scheme 4: Sum of Х - > Sum of Y (Action of a complex of the factors on a complex of parameters of health).

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Nontraditional (inversion) way of investigation influence of environmental contamination on the

health of population

It is used now more often, is especial abroad.
A way of researches goes from condition of health of the population to revealing the most powerful factors of environment, determining a level of health, with the purpose of their elimination or minimization.

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Zones of supervision (research)
The zone of supervision - certain territory,

on which it is studied influence of ecological conditions on health of the population.
It is necessary choose 3 zones of supervision:
1. Skilled zone - territory, on which level of the investigated factor (complex of the factors) more. than MPC in 5 – 10 times
2. Control № 1 – territory, where the investigated factor is at a level of MPC
3. Control № 2 - territory, where the investigated factor is much lower than MPC or is absent.

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Rules of a choice of zones of supervision.
The chosen

zones of supervision should be identical on the following parameters:
∙On social and economic conditions and mode of life of the population
∙On age, sex, professional structure of the population
∙By amount of the population
Differ these zones must only by levels of pollution of an environment.

Influence quality of environment on the health of population

Содержание

CRITERIA QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTANALYTICAL MONITORING – estimation level of environmental pollution

THE INFLUENCE QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE HEALTH OF POPULATION The

ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY –It is changes of health under influence of harmful

EPIDEMIOLOGY Epidemiology – science about laws of distribution diseases in populationMETHODS

CONCEPT “HEALTH”Now there are very many concepts “Health”Theoretical Health (WHO)Individual HealthPopulation