Areas of law. National law

Июль 22, 2022

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Areas of law. National law

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2. NATIONAL LAW National law is a set of rules governing relations between internal entities, residents, while
3. INTERNATIONAL LAW International law is a system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how
4. CIVIL LAW What the civil law is: A comprehensive system of rules and principles usually arranged
5. THE PURPOSE OF CIVIL LAW The purpose of civil law is to settle legal disputes between
6. CATEGORIES OF CIVIL LAW Civil courts handle a wide variety of cases involving numerous legal issues.
7. PUBLIC LAW Public bodies, such as central and local government, have to obey the law. The
8. THE PURPOSE OF PUBLIC LAW Public law is important because of the unequal relationship between the
9. CRIMINAL LAW Criminal law, as distinguished from civil law, is a system of laws concerned with
10. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Constitutional law refers to rights carved out in the federal and state constitutions. The
11. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Administrative law is the law governing the Executive, to regulate its functioning and protect
12. CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PROCEDURES Criminal law and civil law differ with respect to how cases are
13. 2 EXAMPLES FROM MYSELF IN TWO OF THE CATEGORIES From the category of International Law For
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NATIONAL LAW
National law is a set of rules governing relations between

internal entities, residents, while international law is a set of rules governing relations between internal and external entities, residents and non-residents.

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INTERNATIONAL LAW
International law is a system of treaties and agreements between

nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations. International law typically falls into two different categories. "Private international law" deals with controversies between private entities, such as people or corporations, which have a significant relationship to more than one nation.

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CIVIL LAW
What the civil law is:
A comprehensive system of rules and principles usually

arranged in codes and easily accessible to citizens and jurists.
A well organized system that favors cooperation, order, and predictability, based on a logical and dynamic taxonomy developed from Roman law and reflected in the structure of the codes.
An adaptable system, with civil codes avoiding excessive detail and containing general clauses that permit adaptation to change.

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THE PURPOSE OF CIVIL LAW
The purpose of civil law is to settle

legal disputes between parties of people, or between parties of people and corporations. Anytime you feel you have been wronged by another person, you are entitled to pursue legal action against them in civil court.

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CATEGORIES OF CIVIL LAW
Civil courts handle a wide variety of cases

involving numerous legal issues. Very broadly, civil cases may involve such things as, for example,
Tort claims.
Breach of contract claims.
Equitable claims.
Landlord/tenant issues.

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PUBLIC LAW
Public bodies, such as central and local government, have to

obey the law. The type of law governing the conduct of public bodies is known as ‘public law’. Public law principles mean that public bodies act Lawfully, rationally, fairly, and compatibly with the human rights of those affected by their actions.

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THE PURPOSE OF PUBLIC LAW
Public law is important because of the unequal

relationship between the government and the public. The government is the only body that can make decisions on the rights of individuals and they must act within the law. A citizen can ask for judicial review if they are unhappy with a decision of an authoritative body.

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CRIMINAL LAW
Criminal law, as distinguished from civil law, is a system of

laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. Thus, where in a civil case two individuals dispute their rights, a criminal prosecution involves the government deciding whether to punish an individual for either an act or an omission.

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Constitutional law refers to rights carved out in the federal and

state constitutions. The majority of this body of law has developed from state and federal supreme court rulings, which interpret their respective constitutions and ensure that the laws passed by the legislature do not violate constitutional limits.

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Administrative law is the law governing the Executive, to regulate its

functioning and protect the common citizenry from any abuse of power exercised by the Executive or any of its instrumentalities. Administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government.

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CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PROCEDURES
Criminal law and civil law differ with respect

to how cases are initiated (who may bring charges or file suit), how cases are decided (by a judge or a jury), what kinds of punishment or penalty may be imposed, what standards of proof must be met, and what legal protections may be available to the defendant.

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2 EXAMPLES FROM MYSELF IN TWO OF THE CATEGORIES
From the

category of International Law
For example, lawsuits arising from the toxic gas leak in Bhopal, India from industrial plants owned by Union Carbide, a U.S. corporation would be considered a matter of private international law.

From the category of Civil Law Equitable claims.
An "equitable claim" asks the court to order a party to take some action or stop some action. It may or may not be joined with a claim for monetary damages. Cases where a party is seeking a temporary restraining order or injunction to stop something (perhaps the destruction of property, the improper transfer of land, the solicitation of a business' customers) are examples.