Atomic structure. Introduction

Сентябрь 9, 2022

Главная
Химия
Atomic structure. Introduction

Содержание

2. ATOMIC STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help students understand selected
3. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles, the most important are
4. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 0 -1 +1 1 1 1836 1 9.109 x 10-31 1.602 x
5. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 0 -1 +1 1 1 1836 1 Calculate the mass of a
6. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 0 -1 +1 1 1 1836 1 Calculate the mass of a
7. THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS 0 -1 +1 1 1 1836 1 Calculate the mass of a
8. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
9. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
10. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
11. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
12. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
13. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the nucleus of an
14. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
15. MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
16. RELATIVE MASSES Relative Atomic Mass (Ar) The mass of an atom relative to the 12C isotope
17. ISOTOPES Definition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same number
18. ISOTOPES Definition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same number
19. ISOTOPES Definition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same number
20. ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic mass
21. ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic mass
22. ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the average relative atomic mass
23. MASS SPECTRA An early application was the demonstration by Aston, (Nobel Prize, 1922), that naturally occurring
24. MASS SPECTRA Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41. Calculate the percentage of each isotope
26. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help

students understand selected topics at AS and A2 level Chemistry. It is based on the requirements of the AQA and OCR specifications but is suitable for other examination boards.
Individual students may use the material at home for revision purposes or it may be used for classroom teaching if an interactive white board is available.
Accompanying notes on this, and the full range of AS and A2 topics, are available from the KNOCKHARDY SCIENCE WEBSITE at...
www.knockhardy.org.uk/sci.htm
Navigation is achieved by...
either clicking on the grey arrows at the foot of each page
or using the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard

Слайд 3

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the

most important are ...

Слайд 4

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
9.109 x 10-31
1.602 x 10-19
1.672 x 10-27
1.602 x

10-19

1.675 x 10-27

Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the most important are ...

Слайд 5

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons

9.109 x 10-31

1.602 x 10-19

1.672 x 10-27

1.602 x 10-19

1.675 x 10-27

Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the most important are ...

Слайд 6

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons

9.109 x 10-31

1.602 x 10-19

1.672 x 10-27

1.602 x 10-19

1.675 x 10-27

6 x 1.672 x 10-27 + 6 x 1.675 x 10-27 + 6 x 9.109 x 10-31 =

Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the most important are ...

Слайд 7

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

has 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons

9.109 x 10-31

1.602 x 10-19

1.672 x 10-27

1.602 x 10-19

1.675 x 10-27

6 x 1.672 x 10-27 + 6 x 1.675 x 10-27 + 6 x 9.109 x 10-31 = 2.0089 x 10-26 kg

Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the most important are ...

Слайд 8

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Слайд 9

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS

Слайд 10

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS

THESE ALWAYS GO TOGETHER – ANYTHING WITH 11 PROTONS MUST BE SODIUM

Слайд 11

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS

Слайд 12

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS

THERE WILL BE 12 NEUTRONS IN THE NUCLEUS

23 – 11 = 12

Слайд 13

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

nucleus of an atom
Mass Number (A) Sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Mass Number (A)
PROTONS + NEUTRONS

Atomic Number (Z)
PROTONS

Слайд 14

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Слайд 15

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

Слайд 16

RELATIVE MASSES
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
The mass of an atom relative to

the 12C isotope having a value of 12.000
Ar = average mass per atom of an element x 12
mass of one atom of carbon-12
Relative Isotopic Mass
Similar, but uses the mass of an isotope 238U
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
Similar, but uses the mass of a molecule CO2, N2
Relative Formula Mass
Used for any formula of a species or ion NaCl, OH¯

Слайд 17

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Слайд 18

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Properties Chemical properties of isotopes are identical
Physical properties (such as density) can differ

Слайд 19

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Properties Chemical properties of isotopes are identical
Physical properties (such as density) can differ
Theory Relative atomic masses measured
by chemical methods rarely produce
whole numbers but they should do
(allowing for the low relative mass of
the electron). This was explained
when the mass spectrograph revealed
that atoms of the same element could
have different masses due to the
variation in the number of neutrons in
the nucleus. The observed mass was
a consequence of the abundance of
each type of isotope.

ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN

Слайд 20

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

average relative atomic mass of chlorine atoms

Слайд 21

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

average relative atomic mass of chlorine atoms
Method 1 Three out of every four atoms will be chlorine-35
Average = 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 = 35.5
4

Слайд 22

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

average relative atomic mass of chlorine atoms
Method 1 Three out of every four atoms will be chlorine-35
Average = 35 + 35 + 35 + 37 = 35.5
4
Method 2 Out of every 100 atoms 75 are 35Cl and 25 are 37Cl
Average = (75 x 35) + (25 x 37) = 35.5
100

Слайд 23

MASS SPECTRA
An early application was the demonstration by Aston, (Nobel Prize,

1922), that naturally occurring neon consisted of 3 isotopes... 20Ne 21Ne 22Ne.
• positions of peaks gives atomic mass
• peak intensity gives relative abundance
• highest abundance is scaled up to 100%
- other values are adjusted accordingly.

Calculate the average relative atomic mass of neon using the above information.
Out of every 100 atoms 90.92 are 20Ne , 0.26 are 21Ne and 8.82 are 22Ne
Average = (90.92 x 20) + (0.26 x 21) + (8.82 x 22) = 20.179
100
Relative atomic mass = 20.18

Слайд 24

MASS SPECTRA
Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41.
Calculate the percentage

of each isotope present if the average is 39.1.
Assume there are x nuclei of 39K in every 100; so there will be (100-x) of 41K
so 39x + 41 (100-x) = 39.1
100
therefore 39 x + 4100 - 41x = 3910
thus - 2x = - 190
and x = 95
ANSWER There will be 95% 39K and
5% 41K

Atomic structure. Introduction

Содержание

ATOMIC STRUCTUREINTRODUCTIONThis Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMSAtoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,the

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS0-1+111183619.109 x 10-311.602 x 10-191.672 x 10-271.602 x

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS0-1+11118361Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS0-1+11118361Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS0-1+11118361Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBERAtomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER

RELATIVE MASSESRelative Atomic Mass (Ar)The mass of an atom relative to

ISOTOPESDefinition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same

ISOTOPESDefinition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same

ISOTOPESDefinition Atoms with… the same atomic number but different mass number or the same

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONSThere are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONSThere are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONSThere are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

MASS SPECTRAAn early application was the demonstration by Aston, (Nobel Prize,

MASS SPECTRANaturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41.Calculate the percentage

Похожие презентации

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
This Powerpoint show is one of several produced to help

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
Atoms consist of a number of fundamental particles,
the

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
9.109 x 10-31
1.602 x 10-19
1.672 x 10-27
1.602 x

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS
0
-1
+1
1
1
1836
1
Calculate the mass of a carbon-12 atom; it

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

MASS NUMBER AND ATOMIC NUMBER
Atomic Number (Z) Number of protons in the

RELATIVE MASSES
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
The mass of an atom relative to

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

ISOTOPES
Definition Atoms with…
the same atomic number but different mass number or
the same

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

ISOTOPES - CALCULATIONS
There are two common isotopes of chlorine. Calculate the

MASS SPECTRA
An early application was the demonstration by Aston, (Nobel Prize,

MASS SPECTRA
Naturally occurring potassium consists of potassium-39 and potassium-41.
Calculate the percentage