Chemistry of life

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Chemical composition of living things 98% H,O,C,N (bioelements) ~2% S, P,

Chemical composition of living things

98% H,O,C,N (bioelements)
~2% S, P, Na, Cl,

Ca, K, Mg, Fe (macroelements)
~0.02% I, F, Co, Mn, Mo, B, Zn (microelements)
In very small amounts Ag, Se, Hg(ultramicroelements)
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Chemical reactions A compound is formed when molecules are rearranged or

Chemical reactions

A compound is formed when molecules are rearranged or bonds

form between atoms. The formation of bonds is termed a chemical reaction
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Types of reaction Oxidation - reduction (redox) reactions Anabolic - catabolic reactions Hydrolysis - dehydration synthesis

Types of reaction

Oxidation - reduction (redox) reactions
Anabolic - catabolic reactions


Hydrolysis - dehydration synthesis
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Oxidation - reduction (redox) reactions A chemical reaction involves physical changes

Oxidation - reduction (redox) reactions

A chemical reaction involves physical changes to

all the reactants involved. For example, a compound may receive or donate electrons. Such reactions are known as oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. The compound donating electrons is said to be oxidised while the compound accepting electrons is said to be reduced.
Ex:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⎯→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (Oxidation of glucose)
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Anabolic - Catabolic Reactions Catabolic Reactions Organic compounds are broken down

Anabolic - Catabolic Reactions

Catabolic Reactions
Organic compounds are broken down to

their monomers by catabolic reactions, most of which result in energy release.
EX: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ⎯→ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (38 ATP/686 Kcal/mol)
Anabolic Reactions
All reactions in a cell that build new molecules are known as anabolic reactions.
EX:
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy (686 Kcal/mol) ⎯⎯→ C6H12O6 + 6O2