Hydrogen

Сентябрь 9, 2022

Содержание

2. Plan Introduction Main part The hydrogen History of discovery Physical properties Precautionary measures Conclusion
3. HYDROGEN - IS THE FIRST ELEMENT OF A PERIODIC SYSTEM; IS A SYMBOL H. ATOMIC MOLECULE
4. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY ENGLISH PHYSICIST AND CHEMIST HENRY CAVENDISH IN 1766 STUDIED THIS GAS AND CALLED
5. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES HYDROGEN – THE MORE LIGHTEST AND MORE WIDESPREAD ELEMENT IN UNIVER. THE MAIN SOURCES
6. PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES HYDROGEN WHEN MIXED WITH AIR FORMS AN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE - THE SO-CALLED EXPLOSIVE GAS.
7. ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN HYDROGEN IN NATURE OCCURS IN THE FORM OF THREE ISOTOPES THAT HAVE INDIVIDUAL
8. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN THE PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA, METHANOL, SOAP AND PLASTICS. AS THE CARRIER GAS IN
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Plan
Introduction
Main part
The hydrogen
History of discovery
Physical properties
Precautionary measures
Conclusion

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HYDROGEN - IS THE FIRST ELEMENT OF A PERIODIC SYSTEM; IS

A SYMBOL H. ATOMIC MOLECULE 1,00797. IT IS THE NINTH LARGEST ELEMENT IN NATURE. ITS SHARE IS 1.4% OF THE EARTH'S CRUST, AND 63% IN SPACE.

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HISTORY OF DISCOVERY
ENGLISH PHYSICIST AND CHEMIST HENRY CAVENDISH IN 1766 STUDIED

THIS GAS AND CALLED IT «COMBUSTIBLE AIR».
THE FRENCH CHEMIST ANTOINE LAVOISIER, TOGETHER WITH THE ENGINEER JEAN MOYNIER, USING SPECIAL GAS METERS, IN 1783 CARRIED OUT THE SYNTHESIS OF WATER, AND THEN AND ITS ANALYSIS, DECOMPOSING THE WATER VAPOR WITH A HOT IRON. SO HE ESTABLISHED THAT "COMBUSTIBLE AIR" IS PART OF THE WATER AND CAN BE DERIVED FROM IT.

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
HYDROGEN – THE MORE LIGHTEST AND MORE WIDESPREAD ELEMENT IN

UNIVER.
THE MAIN SOURCES OF HYDROGEN ON EARTH ARE WATER, OIL. IN SPACE THIS IS THE MOST WIDESPREAD ELEMENT: IT IS HALF THE MASS OF THE SUN AND OTHER STARS.
HYDROGEN – LIGHTNESS, INVISIBLE AND INODOROUS GAS. ITS 14.5 ONCE LIGHTER THAN AIR

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PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
HYDROGEN WHEN MIXED WITH AIR FORMS AN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE -

THE SO-CALLED EXPLOSIVE GAS. THE GREATEST EXPLOSIVE NATURE OF THIS GAS IS AT A 2: 1 RATIO OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN, OR HYDROGEN AND AIR, APPROXIMATELY 2: 5, BECAUSE IN AIR OXYGEN CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY 21%. ALSO HYDROGEN IS FIRE DANGEROUS. LIQUID HYDROGEN WHEN INGESTED ON THE SKIN CAN CAUSE SEVERE FROSTBITE.

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ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN IN NATURE OCCURS IN THE FORM OF THREE

ISOTOPES THAT HAVE INDIVIDUAL NAMES AND CHEMICAL SYMBOLS: 1H - PROTIUM (H), 2H - DEUTERIUM (D), 3H - TRITIUM (T; RADIOACTIVE).

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CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
IN THE PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA, METHANOL, SOAP AND PLASTICS.
AS THE

CARRIER GAS IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. DESPITE THE COMBUSTIBILITY OF HYDROGEN, ITS USE IN SUCH A ROLE IS CONSIDERED QUITE SAFE, SINCE THE RATE OF GAS CONSUMPTION IS USUALLY INSUFFICIENT TO REACH DANGEROUS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ROOM. THE EFFICIENCY OF HYDROGEN AS A CARRIER GAS IS BETTER THAN THAT OF HELIUM, AT A MUCH LOWER COST.

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