Лингвострановедение. Лекция 1

coast of continental Europe. With a total area of approximately 248,532 square kilometres (95,960 sq mi), the UK occupies the major part of the British Isles archipelago and includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern one-sixth of the island of Ireland and many smaller surrounding islands.

Location

elements: oceans and seas, rivers and lakes, plains, mountains and valleys, low river banks and high rock shores at the sea.

Surface

the average. The highest mountains are in the North, in Scotland, where Ben Nevis, the highest peak in the country, rises up to 1, 343 metres or 4, 406 feet.

350 km) which flows through both Wales and England.
The longest rivers in the UK contained wholly within each of its constituent nations are:
England: River Thames (215 mi; 346 km)
Scotland: River Tay (117 mi; 188 km)
N. Ireland: River Bann (76 mi; 122 km)
Wales: River Tywi (64 mi; 103 km)
The largest lakes (by surface area) in the UK by country are:
N. Ireland: Lough Neagh (147.39 sq mi; 381.7 km2)
Scotland: Loch Lomond (27.46 sq mi; 71.1 km2)
England: Windermere (5.69 sq mi; 14.7 km2)
Wales: Llyn Tegid (Bala Lake) (1.87 sq mi; 4.8 km2)
The deepest lake in the UK is Loch Morar with a maximum depth of 309 metres (Loch Ness is second at 228 metres deep). The deepest lake in England is Wastwater which achieves a depth of 79 metres (259 feet).
Loch Ness is the UK's largest lake in terms of volume.

Rivers and lakes

variation occurs, particularly as a result of altitude and distance from the coast. In general the south of the country is warmer than the north, and the west wetter than the east. Due to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream, the UK is significantly warmer than some other locations at a similar latitude, such as Newfoundland.
The prevailing winds are southwesterly, from the North Atlantic Current. More than 50% of the days are overcast.[16] There are few natural hazards, although there can be strong winds and floods, especially in winter.

Climate

Highlands down to 553 mm (21.8 in) in Cambridge. The county of Essex is one of the driest in the UK, with an average annual rainfall of around 600 mm (23.6 in), although it typically rains on over 100 days per year. In some years rainfall in Essex can be below 450 mm (17.7 in), less than the average annual rainfall in Jerusalem and Beirut.
The highest temperature recorded in the UK was 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) at the Cambridge University Botanic Garden in Cambridge, on 25 July 2019.[17] The lowest was −27.2 °C (−17.0 °F) recorded at Braemar in the Grampian Mountains, Scotland, on 11 February 1895 and 10 January 1982 and Altnaharra, also in Scotland, on 30 December 1995.

Climate