Behaviorism. Basic names and stages

Июль 28, 2022

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Психология
Behaviorism. Basic names and stages

Содержание

2. BEHAVIORISM Is based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically without recourse to inner
3. BASIC NAMES AND STAGES
4. VERBAL BEHAVIOR viewing a language from the position of an external observer; studying Indian languages speech
5. CHILD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Main mechanisms: imitation, repetition, practice. Success factors: quality and quantity of heard language,
6. DESCRIPTIVISM Leonard Bloomfield The central method: study of the distribution of linguistic units. the speaker's out-of-speech
7. KEY TENETS Only the directly observed phenomena can be the object of scientific researches. Speech is
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BEHAVIORISM
Is based on the proposition that behavior can be researched scientifically

without recourse to inner mental states
originated at the end of the 19th century in the US
analyzes human behavior

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BASIC NAMES AND STAGES

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VERBAL BEHAVIOR
viewing a language from the position of an external observer;

studying Indian languages
speech ~ verbal behavior
B. F. Skinner: “Verbal behavior”, 1957
Thorndike’s reinforcement theory

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CHILD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Main mechanisms: imitation, repetition, practice.
Success factors: quality and quantity

of heard language, regularity of the reinforcement.
Things to explain: mistakes, language creativity, understanding of the language structures.

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DESCRIPTIVISM
Leonard Bloomfield
The central method: study of the distribution of linguistic units.
the

speaker's out-of-speech stimulus - their speech reaction –
the speech stimulus of the listener - the extra-verbal reaction of the listener

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KEY TENETS
Only the directly observed phenomena can be the object of

scientific researches.
Speech is a form of behavior.
Behavior is subject to the stimulus-response formula. The connection between stimulus and reaction can be reinforced.
Behavior can be predicted and influenced by changing stimuli and reinforcements.
Child language acquisition occurs through reinforcement and depends on external factors.