Complex Word Stress

Сентябрь 3, 2022

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Complex Word Stress

Содержание

2. WHAT IS STRESS? Production: speaker’s use of a more muscular energy used than in unstressed syllable.
3. LEVEL OF STRESS Unstressed: having no recognizable amount of prominence. Primary stress (‘): Stress which has
4. STRESS MAZE
5. PLACEMENT OF STRESS Which syllables do we stress? Generally, stress rules can depend on: The grammatical
6. THE PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE Strong syllable A rhyme which either has a syllable nucleus which is a
7. WHAT IS COMPLEX WORDS? Words composed more than one grammatical unit Example: carelessness Two types of
8. AFFIX receiving primary stress semicircle, personality. stress on the stem untidy, marketing stress shifted to different
9. SUFFIXES CARRYING STRESS -ee : refugee, evacuee -eer: mountainer, volunteer -ese: Portuguese, journalese, Japanese.
10. SUFFIXES NOT AFFECTING STRESS PLACEMENT -able: comfortable -age: anchorage -al: refusal -ful: wonderful -like: birdlike -less:
11. SUFFIXES THAT INFLUENCE STESS IN STEM -ous : advantageous -graphy: photography -ial: proverbial -ic: climatic -ion:
12. COMPOUND WORDS Words that are characterized as having two independent words. Armchair, open-minded, desk lamp. Normally
13. VARIABLE STRESS Not all stress pattern is fixed, either because of other words occurring next to
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WHAT IS STRESS?
Production: speaker’s use of a more muscular energy

used than in unstressed syllable.
Perception: Stressed syllable are more prominence than unstressed one(s), typically characterized as having:
Louder sound
Longer sound
Higher pitch
Different quality

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LEVEL OF STRESS
Unstressed: having no recognizable amount of prominence.
Primary stress (‘):

Stress which has the most prominence.
Secondary stress (,): Stronger than unstressed but weaker than the primary sterss.
Identify three of them on the following words:
Pronunciation Photographic

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STRESS MAZE

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PLACEMENT OF STRESS
Which syllables do we stress?
Generally, stress rules can depend

on:
The grammatical category
(abstract, conduct, export, present)
The number of syllables
The phonological structure
Whether it’s a simple or complex word

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THE PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTURE
Strong syllable
A rhyme which either has a syllable

nucleus which is a long vowel or diphthong, or a vowel followed by more than one coda. A strong syllable is stressed.
Weak syllable
A rhyme which has a syllable nucleus which is a short vowel and no coda or the syllable nucleus is the schwa vowel.
A weak syllable is not stressed.
Exception:
Honest, Perfect.

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WHAT IS COMPLEX WORDS?
Words composed more than one grammatical unit
Example: carelessness
Two

types of complex words:
a. words made by basic words (stem)
by adding affixes (prefix or suffix)
(prefix) un + (stem) pleasant
(stem) good + (suffix) nesss
b. compound words

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AFFIX
receiving primary stress
semicircle, personality.
stress on the stem
untidy, marketing
stress shifted to

different syllable
magnet > magnetic

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SUFFIXES CARRYING STRESS
-ee : refugee, evacuee
-eer: mountainer, volunteer
-ese: Portuguese, journalese, Japanese.

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SUFFIXES NOT AFFECTING STRESS PLACEMENT
-able: comfortable
-age: anchorage
-al: refusal
-ful: wonderful
-like: birdlike
-less: powerless
-ly:

hurriedly
-ness: happiness
-ous: poisonous
-fy: glorify

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SUFFIXES THAT INFLUENCE STESS IN STEM
-ous : advantageous
-graphy: photography
-ial: proverbial
-ic: climatic
-ion:

perfection
-ty: tranquility
-ive: reflexive

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COMPOUND WORDS
Words that are characterized as having two independent words. Armchair,

open-minded, desk lamp.
Normally on the first word:
typewriter, sunrise, car ferry, suitcase, teacup.
Adjectival first element:
bad-tempered, ugly-looking, half-timbered, heavy-handed. (with secondary stress being the first word)
First element as number:
second-class, three-wheeler, five-finger.
Functioning as adverbs:
down stream, head first, North-East.
Functioning as verbs:
downgrade, ill-treat, back-pedal.

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VARIABLE STRESS
Not all stress pattern is fixed, either because of other

words occurring next to the word in question or because not all speakers agree on the placement of stress.
A final stressed compounds tend to move to the preceding syllables:
bad-tempered and a bad-tempered person
heavy-handed and a heavy-handed sentece
Disagreement among speakers:
Controversy, ice cream, kilometer, formidable.

Complex Word Stress

Содержание

WHAT IS STRESS? Production: speaker’s use of a more muscular energy

LEVEL OF STRESSUnstressed: having no recognizable amount of prominence.Primary stress (‘):

STRESS MAZE

PLACEMENT OF STRESSWhich syllables do we stress?Generally, stress rules can depend

THE PHONOLOGICAL STRUCTUREStrong syllable A rhyme which either has a syllable

WHAT IS COMPLEX WORDS?Words composed more than one grammatical unitExample: carelessnessTwo

AFFIXreceiving primary stress semicircle, personality.stress on the stem untidy, marketing stress shifted to

SUFFIXES CARRYING STRESS-ee : refugee, evacuee-eer: mountainer, volunteer-ese: Portuguese, journalese, Japanese.

SUFFIXES NOT AFFECTING STRESS PLACEMENT-able: comfortable-age: anchorage-al: refusal-ful: wonderful-like: birdlike-less: powerless-ly:

SUFFIXES THAT INFLUENCE STESS IN STEM-ous : advantageous-graphy: photography-ial: proverbial-ic: climatic-ion:

COMPOUND WORDSWords that are characterized as having two independent words. Armchair,

VARIABLE STRESSNot all stress pattern is fixed, either because of other

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