Содержание
- 2. Introduction to Metabolism
- 3. Metabolism is the sum of an organism’s chemical reactions Metabolism is an emergent property of life
- 4. A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product The product of
- 5. ENZYMES THAT WORK TOGETHER IN A PATHWAY CAN BE Soluble with free floating intermediates Covalently bound
- 6. CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM) Release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX:
- 7. Krebs Cycle connects the catabolic and anabolic pathways
- 8. Forms of Energy ENERGY = capacity to cause change Energy exists in various forms (some of
- 9. KINETIC ENERGY – energy associated with motion HEAT (thermal energy) is kinetic energy associated with random
- 10. On the platform, the diver has more potential energy. Diving converts potential energy to kinetic energy.
- 11. THERMODYNAMICS = the study of energy transformations CLOSED system (EX: liquid in a thermos) = isolated
- 12. The First Law of Thermodynamics = energy of the universe is constant Energy can be transferred
- 13. The Second Law of Thermodynamics During every energy transfer or transformation entropy (disorder) of the universe
- 14. Chemical energy Heat CO2 First law of thermodynamics Second law of thermodynamics H2O ORGANISMS are energy
- 15. Free-Energy Change (ΔG) can help tell which reactions will happen ∆G = change in free energy
- 16. Exergonic and Endergonic Reactions in Metabolism EXERGONIC reactions (- ∆G) Release energy are spontaneous ENDERGONIC reactions
- 17. Concept 8.3: ATP powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic reactions A cell does
- 18. Phosphate groups Ribose Adenine ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the cell’s renewable and reusable energy shuttle ATP
- 19. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Energy P P P P P P i Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Inorganic phosphate
- 20. P i ADP Energy for cellular work provided by the loss of phosphate from ATP Energy
- 21. Endergonic reaction: DG is positive, reaction is not spontaneous Exergonic reaction: DG is negative, reaction is
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