Содержание

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The scheme of normal pressure in hearts chambers, mm Hg

The scheme of normal pressure in hearts chambers, mm Hg

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c Transthoracic visualization of pulmonary artery is very pure

c

Transthoracic visualization
of pulmonary artery is very pure

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RA and RV enlargement Sign of Pulmonary Hypertension #1

RA and RV enlargement

Sign of Pulmonary Hypertension #1

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Right ventricle size in during systole and diastole

Right ventricle size in during systole and diastole

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Right ventricular diameter measured in apical 4-chamber view at level of left ventricular papillary muscles

Right ventricular diameter measured in apical 4-chamber view at level of

left ventricular papillary muscles
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Transesophageal echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular (RV) diameters from mid-esophageal 4-chamber view

Transesophageal echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular (RV) diameters from mid-esophageal 4-chamber

view
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Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular and pulmonary artery size

Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular and pulmonary artery

size
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Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular size and function

Reference limits and partition values of right ventricular size and function

as measured in the apical 4-chamber view
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Measurement of right ventricular outflow tract diameter at sub-pulmonary region (RVOT1)

Measurement of right ventricular outflow tract diameter at sub-pulmonary region (RVOT1)

and pulmonic
valve annulus (RVOT2) in mid-esophageal aortic valve
(short-axis view)
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Measure RV wall in M-regiment- long parasternal position and in B-regiment

Measure RV wall in M-regiment- long parasternal position and in B-regiment

–subcostal position

Sign of pulmonary hypertension#2 –
thickness of RV-wall increase
Normal thickness – 2-5 mm

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Variants of Pulmonary arteries pressure calculating AT/ET connection= middle pulmonary pressure

Variants of Pulmonary arteries pressure calculating

AT/ET connection= middle pulmonary pressure
Equation

of Kitabatake
Calculation by start gradient of pressure of pulmonary artery regurgitation flow
By calculating of maximum pulmonary pressure during tricuspid regurgitation flow
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Acceleration time (AT) of Right ventricle Ejection time (ET) of Right ventricle Normal AT/ET 0,4-0,45

Acceleration time (AT) of Right ventricle

Ejection time (ET) of Right ventricle

Normal

AT/ET 0,4-0,45
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Decrease of AT/ET time is the Pulmonary Hypertension

Decrease of AT/ET time is the Pulmonary Hypertension

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Equation of Kitabatake P middle PA =(0,0068хАТ)+2,1=90-(0,62хАТ)

Equation of Kitabatake

P middle PA =(0,0068хАТ)+2,1=90-(0,62хАТ)

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The diameter of the Inferior vena cava (IVC) and the percent

The diameter of the Inferior vena cava (IVC) and the percent

decrease in the diameter during inspiration correlate with RA and PA pressure.
The normal IVC diameter is less than 1.7 cm. There is a 50% decrease in the diameter when the RA pressure is normal (0-5 mm Hg).
A dilated IVC (1.7 cm) with normal inspiratory collapse (>50%) is suggestive of a mildly elevated RA pressure (6-10 mm Hg).
When the inspiratory collapse is less than 50%, the RA pressure is usually between 10 and 15 mm Hg.
Finally, a dilated IVC without any collapse suggests a markedly increased RA pressure of greater than 15 mm Hg.
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Inferior Vena Cava View

Inferior Vena Cava View

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Assessment of pulmonary artery hypertension degree

Assessment of pulmonary artery hypertension degree