Gram positive cocci. Staphylococci and streptococci

Июль 24, 2022

Главная
Медицина
Gram positive cocci. Staphylococci and streptococci

Содержание

2. RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Respiratory infections are diseases that transmitted mainly by airborne way and by dust. At
3. MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENS The most important pathogens of respiratory infections are pathogenic cocci, which is an
4. COCCI A coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or
6. STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION Staphylococcal infection is a collective concept that unites infectious diseases caused by staphylococci. It
7. STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION Staphylococcus can take part in mixed purulent processes of the maxillofacial area, stand out
8. STAPHYLOCOCCUS Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive round bacteria that form in grape-like clusters Aerobes or
9. STAPHYLOCOCCUS Staphylococci belong to the department of Firmicutes, this family. Micrococaceae, genus Staphylococcus. The genus includes
10. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram stain) http://www.meteoweb.eu/2016/03/il-diabete-aumenta-il-rischio-di-contrarre-gravi-infezioni-del-sangue/649580/
11. Staphylococcus epidermidis (Gram stain)
12. Staphylococcus saprophyticus (Gram stain)
13. Staphylococci have a spherical shape (round cells are called cocci). In preparations from pure culture they
14. Staphylococcus aureus (Gram stain) TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES Gram-positive
15. CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF S. AUREUS Facultative anaerobes Are not demanding for nutrient media On dense media
17. BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Saccharolytic: ferment 5 carbohydrates of Hiss's medium to acid Proteolytic: ferment proteins with the
18. STAPHYLOCOCCUS ANTIGENIC STRUSTURE Staphylococci have about 30 antigens: proteins, polysaccharides, teichoic acids; many extracellular substances that
19. FACTORS OF PATHOGENICITY Exotoxin (released outside, outside the cell), consisting of several fractions: hemolysin (destroys erythrocytes),
20. RESISTANCE Staphylococci are resistant to external environment, but sensitive to des. solutions, especially to diamond green,
21. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Staphylococci are ubiquitous and are often found in normal human microflora (carriers).
22. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Staphylococcal infections are called plague of the 20th century, i.e. they are
23. PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASES Entrance gate - any organ and any fabric; Staphylococci penetrate through
24. PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASES Staphylococci cause more than 100 nosological forms of diseases. They affect
25. THE SYNDROME OF “SCALDED BABIES” The syndrome of "scalded babies" is observed in newborns. The disease
26. THE TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME The toxic shock syndrome was first recorded in 1980 in women aged
27. FOOD POISONING Food poisoning is manifested by vomiting, watery diarrhea within 2 to 6 hours after
28. AN ALLERGY TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS It is often develops an allergy to staphylococcal toxins, which leads
29. PYODERMA Pyoderma means any skin disease that is pyogenic (has pus) Most common isolated organism was
30. WHITLOW A whitlow or felon is an infection of the tip of the finger A whitlow
31. ACUTE TONSILLITIS Acute tonsillitis (angina) is an infectious disease with local manifestations in the form of
32. DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Materials to be examined: pus, wounds liquor, sputum, blood, vomit, food Bacterioscopic,
33. DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Bacterioscopic method prepare a smear from pus, Gram staining and microscopy; in
34. Gram stain of Staphylococcus aureus in pus
35. DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Bacteriological method Isolate a pure culture by sowing the material on nutrient
36. DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Bioprobe (food poisoning) infection of small suckling kittens, who get vomiting and
37. TREATMENT Apply broad-spectrum antibiotics, semisynthetic penicillins (methicillin, oxacillin), sulfonamide preparations It is necessary to determine the
39. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Respiratory infections are diseases that transmitted mainly by airborne way

and by dust. At the reception of a dentist, respiratory infections are one of the most frequently transmitted groups of infections, an aerosol formed during the operation of drills, turbines easily contaminate surrounding objects and enter the respiratory tract.

Слайд 3

MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENS
The most important pathogens of respiratory infections are pathogenic

cocci, which is an extensive group including gram+ and Gram- cocci that cause purulent inflammatory processes of different localization (also called pyogenic).

Слайд 4

COCCI
A coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shape
Cocci

may occur as single cells or remain attached following cell division

Слайд 5

Слайд 6

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION
Staphylococcal infection is a collective concept that unites infectious diseases

caused by staphylococci. It is characterized by purulent inflammation of any organs and systems with a tendency to progressive spreading, generalization and septic flow.

Слайд 7

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION
Staphylococcus can take part in mixed purulent processes of the

maxillofacial area, stand out as a cop of microbial associations in abscesses, phlegmon, osteomyelitis and stomatitis. In dental hospitals and private clinics there is often a nosocomial staphylococcal infection after surgical interventions on the dentoalveolar system and the paranasal sinuses.

Слайд 8

STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive round bacteria that form in grape-like clusters
Aerobes or

facultative anaerobes
The Staphylococcus genus includes at least 40 species. Of these, nine have two subspecies, one has three subspecies, and one has four subspecies
Most are harmless and reside normally on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and other organisms
Staphylococci are ubiquitous microorganisms that cause various purulent-inflammatory processes in humans and animals (they are also called pyogenic)

Слайд 9

STAPHYLOCOCCUS
Staphylococci belong to the department of Firmicutes, this family. Micrococaceae, genus

Staphylococcus. The genus includes 27 species, among which there are pathogenic, conditionally pathogenic species and saprophytes. The main human lesions are caused by 3 species: S. aureus, S.epidermidis and S. saprophyticus.

Слайд 10

Staphylococcus aureus
(Gram stain)
http://www.meteoweb.eu/2016/03/il-diabete-aumenta-il-rischio-di-contrarre-gravi-infezioni-del-sangue/649580/

Слайд 11

Staphylococcus epidermidis
(Gram stain)

Слайд 12

Staphylococcus saprophyticus
(Gram stain)

Слайд 13

Staphylococci have a spherical shape (round cells are called cocci). In

preparations from pure culture they are arranged in the form of disordered clusters resembling bunches of grapes. In smears from pus - singly, in pairs or in small groups. Do not have a dispute, flagella (immovable), can form a gentle capsule.

MORPHOLOGY

Слайд 14

Staphylococcus aureus
(Gram stain)
TINCTORIAL PROPERTIES
Gram-positive

Слайд 15

CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF S. AUREUS
Facultative anaerobes
Are not demanding for nutrient media
On

dense media form colonies in S-form - round, with an even edge, painted in cream, yellow, orange
On liquid media give a uniform turbidity
They grow on saline media (5-10% NaCl)
Milk-salt and yolk-salt agar are elective media for staphylococci

Слайд 16

Слайд 17

BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Saccharolytic: ferment 5 carbohydrates of Hiss's medium to acid
Proteolytic: ferment

proteins with the formation of H2S, liquefy gelatin in the form of a funnel, for 4-5 days the funnel is filled with liquid

Слайд 18

STAPHYLOCOCCUS ANTIGENIC STRUSTURE
Staphylococci have about 30 antigens: proteins, polysaccharides, teichoic acids;

many extracellular substances that form staphylococci have antigenic properties.

Слайд 19

FACTORS OF PATHOGENICITY
Exotoxin (released outside, outside the cell), consisting of several

fractions: hemolysin (destroys erythrocytes), leukocidin (destroys leukocytes), lethal toxin (kills rabbits), necrotoxin (causes skin necrosis in rabbit with intradermal administration), enterotoxin (causes food poisoning), exfoliatin (causes pemphigus in newborns - syndrome of "scalded skin")
Enzymes of aggression: hyaluronidase (destroys hyaluronic acid), plasmocoagulase (coagulates blood plasma), DNAse (destroys DNA), lecithovitellase (destroys lecithin), fibrinolysin (destroys fibrin clots)

W. E. Sause et al Antibody-Based Biologics and Their Promise to Combat Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. Volume 37, Issue 3, p231–241, March 2016

Слайд 20

RESISTANCE
Staphylococci are resistant to external environment, but sensitive to des. solutions,

especially to diamond green, are often resistant to penicillin. form an enzyme penicillinase.

Слайд 21

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Staphylococci are ubiquitous and are often found in

normal human microflora (carriers). Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the nasal passages, abdominal cavity, axillary regions. Epidermal staphylococcus occupies the smooth skin, the surface of the mucous membranes. Saprophytic staphylococcus occupies the skin of the genitals, the mucous membrane of the urinary tract.
Most infections are endogenous and the infection is associated with the transfer of the pathogen from the places of colonization to the traumatized (damaged) surface.

Слайд 22

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Staphylococcal infections are called plague of the 20th

century, i.e. they are dangerous and very common, especially in maternity hospitals, in surgical departments.
1) source of infection - a sick person or a healthy carrier;
2) the transmission mechanism is mixed;
3) transmission ways: airborne, airborne, contact, food;
4) susceptibility of the population - susceptibility depends on the general condition and age; The most susceptible are newborns and infants.

Слайд 23

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASES
Entrance gate - any organ and any

fabric; Staphylococci penetrate through damaged skin, mucous membranes of the mouth, respiratory tract, genitourinary system, etc.
Staphylococci reproduce at the site of penetration, form exotoxin and enzymes of aggression and cause the formation of local purulent-inflammatory foci. Propagating from these foci of staphylococci can enter the blood (sepsis), and with blood - into other organs (septicopyemia).
The incubation period is from several hours to 3 to 5 days.

Слайд 24

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASES
Staphylococci cause more than 100 nosological forms

of diseases. They affect the skin (furuncles, carbuncles), subcutaneous fat (abscesses, phlegmon), respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pneumonia, sinusitis), cause mastitis, purulent myositis and muscle abscesses, brain abnormalities after traumatic brain injuries, endocarditis, affect bones osteomyelitis, arthritis), affect the liver, kidneys, urinary tract (pyelonephritis, cystitis). Especially dangerous are the diseases when staphylococci enter the blood (sepsis) and affect internal organs (septicemia). Staphylococcal infections are accompanied by intoxication, fever, headache.
Diseases are acute, but may also be chronic.

Слайд 25

THE SYNDROME OF “SCALDED BABIES”
The syndrome of "scalded babies" is observed

in newborns. The disease begins violently, characterized by the formation of large foci of erythema on the skin with the formation of large blisters (as in thermal burns) and the exposure of wet eroded areas.

Слайд 26

THE TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME
The toxic shock syndrome was first recorded in

1980 in women aged 15 to 25 years using tampons during menstruation. It is manifested by high fever (38.8° C and above), vomiting, diarrhea, rash, drop in blood pressure and development of shock, often leading to death.

Слайд 27

FOOD POISONING
Food poisoning is manifested by vomiting, watery diarrhea within 2

to 6 hours after eating the infected foods, usually confectionery products with cream, canned food, meat and vegetable salads. Manifestations disappear or significantly weaken in 24 hours even without treatment.

Слайд 28

AN ALLERGY TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS
It is often develops an allergy

to staphylococcal toxins, which leads to long, chronic illnesses.

Слайд 29

PYODERMA
Pyoderma means any skin disease that is pyogenic (has pus)
Most common isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus
Pyodermas are

a common cause of skin infection in children and are associated with many multidrug-resistant organisms

Слайд 30

WHITLOW
A whitlow or felon is an infection of the tip of the finger
A whitlow results from penetration of

pyogenic microbes into the soft tissues of the palmar surface of the finger (as a rule, staphylococci, less often streptococci, sometimes a mixed pathogenic microflora is noted)

Слайд 31

ACUTE TONSILLITIS
Acute tonsillitis (angina) is an infectious disease with local manifestations

in the form of acute inflammation of the components of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring, most often the palatine tonsils caused by streptococci or staphylococci, less often by other microorganisms, viruses and fungi

Слайд 32

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Materials to be examined: pus, wounds liquor, sputum,

blood, vomit, food
Bacterioscopic, bacteriological and biological methods are used
Serological reactions did not find application

Слайд 33

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Bacterioscopic method
prepare a smear from pus, Gram staining

and microscopy; in the smear are visible leukocytes, neutrophils, individual round cells of staphylococci and disordered clusters resembling a bunch of grapes (blood is not prepared from a blood smear)

Слайд 34

Gram stain of Staphylococcus aureus in pus

Слайд 35

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Bacteriological method
Isolate a pure culture by sowing the

material on nutrient media (more often on blood agar for detecting hemolysis) and then conducting its identification - study morphology (Gram stain), the presence of pathogenicity factors (plasmocoagulase, lecithovitelase) and biochemical properties (anaerobic cleavage of mannitol and glucose); the definition of an antibioticogram is mandatory; staphylococci are representatives of normal microflora, therefore, it is impossible to be limited by the isolation and identification of the pathogen, quantitative methods of analysis are needed-determination of the number of microbes in the sample

Слайд 36

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Bioprobe (food poisoning)
infection of small suckling kittens, who

get vomiting and diarrhea in an hour and they die

Слайд 37

TREATMENT
Apply broad-spectrum antibiotics, semisynthetic penicillins (methicillin, oxacillin), sulfonamide preparations
It is necessary

to determine the antibioticogram
In recent years, patients have been isolated from staphylococci, resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs. In such cases, antitoxic anti-staphylococcal plasma or immunoglobulin obtained from the blood of donors immunized with staphylococcal anatoxin is used for treatment
When chronic forms of diseases are also introduced staphylococcal anatoxin, use autovaccine.

Gram positive cocci. Staphylococci and streptococci

Содержание

RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Respiratory infections are diseases that transmitted mainly by airborne way

MOST IMPORTANT PATHOGENS The most important pathogens of respiratory infections are pathogenic

COCCIA coccus (plural cocci) is any bacterium or archaeon that has a spherical, ovoid, or generally round shapeCocci

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONStaphylococcal infection is a collective concept that unites infectious diseases

STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONStaphylococcus can take part in mixed purulent processes of the

STAPHYLOCOCCUSStaphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive round bacteria that form in grape-like clustersAerobes or

STAPHYLOCOCCUS Staphylococci belong to the department of Firmicutes, this family. Micrococaceae, genus

Staphylococcus aureus (Gram stain)http://www.meteoweb.eu/2016/03/il-diabete-aumenta-il-rischio-di-contrarre-gravi-infezioni-del-sangue/649580/

Staphylococcus epidermidis(Gram stain)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus(Gram stain)

Staphylococci have a spherical shape (round cells are called cocci). In

Staphylococcus aureus (Gram stain)TINCTORIAL PROPERTIESGram-positive

CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF S. AUREUSFacultative anaerobesAre not demanding for nutrient mediaOn

BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIESSaccharolytic: ferment 5 carbohydrates of Hiss's medium to acidProteolytic: ferment

STAPHYLOCOCCUS ANTIGENIC STRUSTURE Staphylococci have about 30 antigens: proteins, polysaccharides, teichoic acids;

FACTORS OF PATHOGENICITYExotoxin (released outside, outside the cell), consisting of several

RESISTANCE Staphylococci are resistant to external environment, but sensitive to des. solutions,

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONSStaphylococci are ubiquitous and are often found in

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Staphylococcal infections are called plague of the 20th

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASESEntrance gate - any organ and any

PATHOGENESIS AND CLINIC OF DISEASESStaphylococci cause more than 100 nosological forms

THE SYNDROME OF “SCALDED BABIES” The syndrome of "scalded babies" is observed

THE TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME The toxic shock syndrome was first recorded in

FOOD POISONING Food poisoning is manifested by vomiting, watery diarrhea within 2

AN ALLERGY TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS It is often develops an allergy

PYODERMAPyoderma means any skin disease that is pyogenic (has pus)Most common isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureusPyodermas are

WHITLOWA whitlow or felon is an infection of the tip of the fingerA whitlow results from penetration of

ACUTE TONSILLITIS Acute tonsillitis (angina) is an infectious disease with local manifestations

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONSMaterials to be examined: pus, wounds liquor, sputum,

DIAGNOSIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS Bacterioscopic method prepare a smear from pus, Gram staining