Intrauterine growth retardation small for gestational age and premature newborns

Август 1, 2022

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Intrauterine growth retardation small for gestational age and premature newborns

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2. The terms IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA), although related, are not synonymous. IUGR is
3. The term low birthweight refers to infants born weighing less than 2500 g. The neonatal mortality
4. The infant with low birthweight (less than 2500 g) is not always premature (earlier than 37
5. Contribution of Organs to Body Mass during Development
7. Placental nutrient support and disposition of substrates.
8. Postnatal glucose and fatty acid metabolic relationships in neonates who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA)
9. Symmetric
10. Asymmetric
12. Term infant who is small for gestational age, demonstrating wizened facies and dry, desquamating, hanging skin.
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The terms IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA), although related,

are not synonymous. IUGR is a deviation from, or a reduction in, an expected fetal growth pattern and is caused by innate reduced growth potential or by multiple adverse effects on the fetus.
IUGR is the result of any process that inhibits the normal growth potential of the fetus. Fetal growth at term may be predicted by anthropometric analysis of fetal dimensions with second-trimester ultrasonography.

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The term low birthweight refers to infants born weighing less than

2500 g. The neonatal mortality rate is directly related to the low-birthweight rate in a given population.
These high-risk infants are a heterogeneous group consisting of infants born preterm (less than 37 weeks) and those born at term but of reduced weight

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The infant with low birthweight (less than 2500 g) is not

always premature (earlier than 37 weeks). Worldwide, more than 20 million infants are born weighing less than 2500 g. Between 30% and 40% of these infants are born at term gestation and are therefore undergrown (SGA status).

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Contribution of Organs to Body Mass during Development

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Placental nutrient support and disposition of substrates.

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Postnatal glucose and fatty acid metabolic relationships in neonates who are

appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (A) and small for gestational age (SGA) (B). Arrows reflect magnitude of flux. Infants who are SGA demonstrate both diminished glycogen stores and gluconeogenesis. In addition, they may have attenuated fatty acid oxidation. ffa, free fatty acids; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.

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