Neurology

Август 19, 2022

Содержание

2. Memory loss Dementia Cognitive impairment or memory loss Onset: insidious Duration: irreversible Chronic Permanent Amnesia Memory
4. Alzheimer’s disease
5. Alzheimer’s disease
6. Alzheimer’s disease
7. Alzheimer’s disease Sporadic and Familial (PSEN-1 or PSEN-2 mutation and trisomy 21) Symptoms: short-term memory loss->
8. Pick’s disease
9. Pick’s disease Frontotemporal degeneration Behavior and personality change goes first (remain memory) Then dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian
10. Lewy-body dementia
11. Lewy-Body dementia Early symptoms: difficulty focusing, poor memory, visual hallucination, disorganized speech and depression Later symptoms:
12. Vascular dementia
13. Vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementia Symptoms: Very depend on which region of the brain is damage Stepwise
14. CJD
15. CJD Caused by prions From sporadic mutation, abnormal gene, uncooked meat 30-40s ages Symptoms: sleep disorders,
16. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
17. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Due to increased ICP Symptoms: urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementia Diagnosis: CT – hydrocephalus
18. Huntington’s disease
19. Huntington’s disease Inherited disorder Uncontrolled movement – chorea, unsteadiness, clumsiness, loss of balance, slurred speech, trouble
20. Intracranial tumors
21. Brain cancer Primary 30%(singular) and secondary 70%(multiple lesions) Symptoms: focal neurologic deficit, seizure, headache worse in
22. Glioblastoma Multiforme Adults Highly malignant tumor Product of parenchyma and tends to cross the corpus callosum
23. Oligodendroglioma Adult forms from oligodendrocytes can occur in the brain or spinal cord Histology: chicken wire
24. Meningioma Adult Benign, superficially located Product of Dura Histology: psammoma bodies, spindle cells Treatment: resection and
25. Hemangioblastoma Adult Blood vessel origin EPO producing Histology- thin walled capillaries
26. Pituitary gland
27. Pituitary Adenoma Prolactinoma Premenopausal females: Hypogonadism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, galactorrhea Males: Decrease libido, impotence, infertility Dx:
28. Acromegaly
29. Non- functional pituitary adenoma Usually macroadenomas Compression symptoms: headache &visual impairment Bitemporal hemianopia Double vision Diagnosis:
30. Schwannoma Adult Occur at the cerebellopontine angle Damage of CN7 & CN8 Histology: S-100+
31. Childhood tumors Infratentorial tumors Pilocytic Astrocytoma From Astrocytes Rosenthal Fibers Medulloblastoma From embryonic stem cells and
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Слайд 2

Memory loss
Dementia
Cognitive impairment or memory loss
Onset: insidious
Duration: irreversible
Chronic
Permanent
Amnesia
Memory loss
Delirium
Cognitive impairment or

memory loss
Onset: rapid
Duration: reversible
Waxes and wanes over time

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Alzheimer’s disease

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Alzheimer’s disease

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Alzheimer’s disease

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Alzheimer’s disease
Sporadic and Familial (PSEN-1 or PSEN-2 mutation and trisomy 21)
Symptoms:

short-term memory loss-> loss of motor skills and language-> long-term memory loss-> more disoriented-> bedridden->death

Diagnosis: clinical, brain biopsy,
CT (cortical atrophy)
Treatment: no cure, supportive care, family education.
Cholinesterase inhibitors: Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

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Pick’s disease

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Pick’s disease Frontotemporal degeneration
Behavior and personality change goes first (remain memory)
Then dementia,

aphasia, parkinsonian aspects
Diagnosis: Clinical, CT-frontotemporal degeneration
Treatment: supportive

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Lewy-body dementia

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Lewy-Body dementia
Early symptoms: difficulty focusing, poor memory, visual hallucination, disorganized speech

and depression
Later symptoms: resting tremor, stiff and slow movements, reduced facial expression
Sleep disorders
Diagnosis: clinical, biopsy
Treatment: cognitive sym. – donepezil, motor sym. - levodopa

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Vascular dementia

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Vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementia
Symptoms:
Very depend on which region of the brain

is damage
Stepwise decline
Diagnosis: Clinical, neuropsychological test, CT or MRI
Treatment: reducing rick of repeated strokes

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CJD

Слайд 15

CJD
Caused by prions
From sporadic mutation, abnormal gene, uncooked meat
30-40s ages
Symptoms: sleep

disorders, visual deterioration, loss of coordination, cognitive impairment, personality change
Diagnosis: clinical
Treatment: supportive

Слайд 16

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Слайд 17

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Due to increased ICP
Symptoms: urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementia
Diagnosis: CT

– hydrocephalus
LP – get improvement of condition
Treatment: VP shunt

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Huntington’s disease

Слайд 19

Huntington’s disease
Inherited disorder
Uncontrolled movement – chorea, unsteadiness, clumsiness, loss of balance,

slurred speech, trouble swallowing and eating
Diagnosis: clinical (chorea + abnormal behavior + dementia + family)
Treatment: supportive

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Intracranial tumors

Слайд 21

Brain cancer
Primary 30%(singular) and secondary 70%(multiple lesions)
Symptoms: focal neurologic deficit, seizure,

headache worse in the morning
Diagnosis: MRI with contrast, CT, biopsy
Treatment: resection, radiation or/and chemo, steroids, seizure profilaxis

Слайд 22

Glioblastoma Multiforme
Adults
Highly malignant tumor
Product of parenchyma and tends to cross

the corpus callosum
Ring-enhancing lesion or Bat’s wing deformation

Слайд 23

Oligodendroglioma
Adult
forms from oligodendrocytes
can occur in the brain or spinal cord
Histology:

chicken wire capillary pattern, ”fried egg” cell, calcified tumor

Слайд 24

Meningioma
Adult
Benign, superficially located
Product of Dura
Histology: psammoma bodies, spindle cells
Treatment: resection and

curative

Слайд 25

Hemangioblastoma
Adult
Blood vessel origin
EPO producing
Histology- thin walled capillaries

Слайд 26

Pituitary gland

Слайд 27

Pituitary Adenoma
Prolactinoma
Premenopausal females: Hypogonadism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, galactorrhea
Males:
Decrease libido, impotence,

infertility
Dx: prolactin, MRI
Tx: Cabergoline

Acromegaly

Kids: gigantism
Adults: acromegaly hands, feet, face and visceral organs, diabetes and diastolic heart failure
Dx: IGF1 glucose suppression test
Tx: surgery, Octreotide, Debulking or radiotherapy

Cushing disease

Mood face, buffalo hump, truncal obesity
Dx: ACTH
Tx: surgery, radiation therapy, Metyrapone

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Acromegaly

Слайд 29

Non- functional pituitary adenoma
Usually macroadenomas
Compression symptoms: headache &visual impairment
Bitemporal hemianopia
Double vision
Diagnosis:

MRI, visual field testing

Слайд 30

Schwannoma
Adult
Occur at the cerebellopontine angle
Damage of CN7 & CN8
Histology: S-100+

Слайд 31

Childhood tumors
Infratentorial tumors
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
From Astrocytes
Rosenthal Fibers
Medulloblastoma
From embryonic stem cells and primitive

neuroendocrine cells
Homer-Wright rosettes
Ependymoma
From neuroglial cells
Perivascular pseudorosettes

Supratentorial tumors

Craniopharyngioma
From remnants of Rathke’s pouch
Above the sella turcica compress the pituitary gland
Pinealoma
From pinocytes or germ cells
Parinaud syndrome
Paralysis of upward gaze
Pupillary light-near dissociation
Convergent-retraction nystagmus

Neurology

Содержание

Memory lossDementiaCognitive impairment or memory lossOnset: insidiousDuration: irreversibleChronicPermanentAmnesiaMemory lossDeliriumCognitive impairment or

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s diseaseSporadic and Familial (PSEN-1 or PSEN-2 mutation and trisomy 21)Symptoms:

Pick’s disease

Pick’s disease Frontotemporal degenerationBehavior and personality change goes first (remain memory)Then dementia,

Lewy-body dementia

Lewy-Body dementiaEarly symptoms: difficulty focusing, poor memory, visual hallucination, disorganized speech

Vascular dementia

Vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementiaSymptoms: Very depend on which region of the brain

CJD

CJDCaused by prionsFrom sporadic mutation, abnormal gene, uncooked meat30-40s agesSymptoms: sleep

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Normal Pressure HydrocephalusDue to increased ICPSymptoms: urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementiaDiagnosis: CT

Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s diseaseInherited disorderUncontrolled movement – chorea, unsteadiness, clumsiness, loss of balance,

Intracranial tumors

Brain cancerPrimary 30%(singular) and secondary 70%(multiple lesions)Symptoms: focal neurologic deficit, seizure,

Glioblastoma MultiformeAdults Highly malignant tumorProduct of parenchyma and tends to cross

OligodendrogliomaAdultforms from oligodendrocytes can occur in the brain or spinal cordHistology:

MeningiomaAdultBenign, superficially locatedProduct of DuraHistology: psammoma bodies, spindle cellsTreatment: resection and

HemangioblastomaAdultBlood vessel originEPO producingHistology- thin walled capillaries

Pituitary gland

Pituitary AdenomaProlactinomaPremenopausal females: Hypogonadism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, galactorrheaMales: Decrease libido, impotence,

Acromegaly

Non- functional pituitary adenomaUsually macroadenomasCompression symptoms: headache &visual impairmentBitemporal hemianopiaDouble visionDiagnosis:

Schwannoma AdultOccur at the cerebellopontine angleDamage of CN7 & CN8Histology: S-100+

Childhood tumorsInfratentorial tumorsPilocytic AstrocytomaFrom AstrocytesRosenthal FibersMedulloblastomaFrom embryonic stem cells and primitive

Похожие презентации

Memory loss
Dementia
Cognitive impairment or memory loss
Onset: insidious
Duration: irreversible
Chronic
Permanent
Amnesia
Memory loss
Delirium
Cognitive impairment or

Alzheimer’s disease
Sporadic and Familial (PSEN-1 or PSEN-2 mutation and trisomy 21)
Symptoms:

Pick’s disease Frontotemporal degeneration
Behavior and personality change goes first (remain memory)
Then dementia,

Lewy-Body dementia
Early symptoms: difficulty focusing, poor memory, visual hallucination, disorganized speech

Vascular dementia Multi-infarct dementia
Symptoms:
Very depend on which region of the brain

CJD
Caused by prions
From sporadic mutation, abnormal gene, uncooked meat
30-40s ages
Symptoms: sleep

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Due to increased ICP
Symptoms: urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementia
Diagnosis: CT

Huntington’s disease
Inherited disorder
Uncontrolled movement – chorea, unsteadiness, clumsiness, loss of balance,

Brain cancer
Primary 30%(singular) and secondary 70%(multiple lesions)
Symptoms: focal neurologic deficit, seizure,

Glioblastoma Multiforme
Adults
Highly malignant tumor
Product of parenchyma and tends to cross

Oligodendroglioma
Adult
forms from oligodendrocytes
can occur in the brain or spinal cord
Histology:

Meningioma
Adult
Benign, superficially located
Product of Dura
Histology: psammoma bodies, spindle cells
Treatment: resection and

Hemangioblastoma
Adult
Blood vessel origin
EPO producing
Histology- thin walled capillaries

Pituitary Adenoma
Prolactinoma
Premenopausal females: Hypogonadism, oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, galactorrhea
Males:
Decrease libido, impotence,

Non- functional pituitary adenoma
Usually macroadenomas
Compression symptoms: headache &visual impairment
Bitemporal hemianopia
Double vision
Diagnosis:

Schwannoma
Adult
Occur at the cerebellopontine angle
Damage of CN7 & CN8
Histology: S-100+

Childhood tumors
Infratentorial tumors
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
From Astrocytes
Rosenthal Fibers
Medulloblastoma
From embryonic stem cells and primitive