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- 2. Life is primordial; animals are ancient; humans are very recent
- 3. Evolution has been a controversial idea since 1859
- 4. How does evolution work? Lamarck: Changes arise through intentional action They’re preserved by being passed on
- 5. Oyama: the theory of evolution is evolving Epigenetics and ‘Evo-Devo’ resemble Lamarkism
- 6. If we grant our ancestors even a tiny fraction of the free will, consciousness and culture
- 7. Human evolution is now more cultural than biological Humans make more complex choices than any other
- 8. Minds make choices Different forms of life have evolved different minds There’s an evolutionary continuum from
- 9. How well can we know those minds? Nagel: “What's it like to be a bat?”
- 10. Psychology has often neglected animal minds, for various reasons Behaviourists claimed minds can’t be studied -
- 12. If language is what makes humans different, can animals acquire it? There have been many attempts
- 15. Do animals have episodic memory? Suddendorf & Corballis: No, only humans have that Clayton, Bussey &
- 16. Do animals have cultures? Whiten et al., Biro and others have shown that chimpanzees have cultures
- 17. Byrne and Whiten Machiavellian behaviour doesn’t need language
- 18. How near are animals to a ‘Theory of Mind?’ Povinelli Suggestively close Tomasello Close, but not
- 19. Are animals self conscious? Gallup Yes: they can recognise themselves in mirrors Heyes No: self-consciousness is
- 20. How should we study animals? Objectively, by detached observation or subjectively, through empathic participation?
- 21. Smuts Empathetic participation, definitely! To understand animals, you have to live with them and become like
- 22. Tomasello’s Puzzle: The basic puzzle is this. The 6 million years that separate human beings from
- 23. 100000 years of cultural evolution. 3000000000 years of biological evolution. Human beings are a very recent
- 24. Tomasello’s answer seems to be: Theory of mind The intention to assist The capacity to use
- 25. Donald The Origins of the Modern Mind There have been three major psychological transitions in human
- 26. Episodic Social cohesion through shared recall, but without representation Mimetic Representation and communication through mimesis Mythic
- 27. Human minds emerge from a loop: Minds produce Cultures Cultures produce Minds Minds produce: ideas, practices,
- 28. The Loop accelerates Period Years ago Techne Logos Prehistoric 50000 Tools Dream Ancient 5000 Structures Myth
- 29. Technology is dissolving the boundary between what is alive and what is not. Organisms become mechanisms
- 30. What has really let loose the Machine in the world, and for good, is that it
- 31. Neither humans nor animals are machines But animals aren’t human because their evolutionary path lacked the
- 32. Yet humans long to share animal consciousness http://youtu.be/FZ-bJFVJ2P0
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