Russian philosophy

Август 5, 2022

Содержание

2. Plan Stages of development of Russian philosophy, its school and current. Westerners and Slavophiles. Philosophical views
3. Stages of development of Russian philosophy
4. The most important philosophical trends of modern Russia Dialectical materialism Religious philosophy Orthodoxy Islam Eastern philosophy
5. Features of Russian philosophy Close attention to social issues Popular worship – a sense of duty
6. Main directions of Russian philosophy Main directions of Russian philosophy Westernism Slavophilism
7. Westernism Russia has no special path of development All the national identity of Russia is the
8. Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev(1794-1856) At the origins of Westernism are the ideas of p. ya. Chaadaev. He
9. The first "Philosophical letter" of eight was published in 1836. Five more were published in 1935,
10. Philosophical ideas of P. Ya. Chaadaev Russia remained outside the history of world civilization, as it
11. 1840s-Westernism becomes an influential philosophical movement Leading the Westerners A. I. Herzen1812-1870 N. P. Ogarev1813-1877 V.
12. Westernism Westerners believed Russia should Learn from Europe Go through the stages of development of Western
13. Slavophilism Russia should develop along a special path that is not similar to Western Europe Goal
14. Alexey Stepanovich Khomyakov (1804-1860) At the origins of Slavophilism is A. S. Khomyakov. He was born
15. Slavophiles Ivan Vasilievich Kireevsky1806-1856 Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov1817-1860
16. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Born in Moscow in a noble family. After graduating from the Main
17. F. M. Dostoevsky's philosophical views In the 1860s. Dostoevsky develops a program of soil science The
18. F. M. Dostoevsky about the man To resolve urgent issues, you need to address the soul
19. F. M. Dostoevsky about the man A person should independently go to freedom, freeing himself from
20. Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) Serious philosophical ideas are contained in the works of Leo Tolstoy. In War
21. Ethics Of L. N. Tolstoy The idea of nonviolence Do not create violence and do not
22. For his views on religion in 1901, Leo Tolstoy was excommunicated from the Church (anathema).
23. VL.S. Solovyov V. S. Solovyov was a significant figure in Russian philosophy.His works became the main
24. Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (1853-1900) He was born in the family of the famous historian S. M.
25. The Central idea of Solovyov's philosophy Unity Perfect synthesis of knowledge values, ways of knowing the
26. The main points of the "philosophy of unity" VL.S. Solovyov
27. Ontology Of VL.S. Solovyov There is an absolute world as the embodiment of the divine This
28. Epistemology Wholeness is only comprehended by the whole knowledge, in which they are United Knowledge Empirical
29. Axiology Unity Synthesis Beauties Truths Goodness
30. Ethics Man separates himself from other beings Through shame Mercy indicates the solidarity of all living
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Слайд 2

Plan
Stages of development of Russian philosophy, its school and current.

Westerners and Slavophiles.
Philosophical views of Russian writers F. M. Dostoevsky and L. N. Tolstoy.
"Philosophy of unity" by V. S. Solovyov.

Слайд 3

Stages of development of Russian philosophy

Слайд 4

The most important philosophical trends of modern Russia
Dialectical materialism
Religious philosophy

Orthodoxy

Islam

Eastern philosophy

Buddhism

Neo-Hinduism
Yoga

Philosophy of esoteric orientation

Psychoanalysis

Слайд 5

Features of Russian philosophy
Close attention to social issues
Popular worship – a

sense of duty to the people

Ethical focus

Dispute between Westerners and Slavophiles

Philosophical and artistic complex

Close attention to religious issues

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Main directions of Russian philosophy
Main directions of Russian philosophy
Westernism
Slavophilism

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Westernism
Russia has no special path of development
All the national identity

of Russia is the result of lagging behind world history

The purpose of the Westerners

Russia's acceptance of European values and its inclusion in the civilized world

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Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev(1794-1856)
At the origins of Westernism are the ideas of

p. ya. Chaadaev. He was born in the family of a rich landowner. Without graduating from Moscow University, in the Patriotic war of 1812, he volunteered for the army. He went with the Russian army to Paris, receiving many awards. Chaadaev was expected to have a brilliant career in the military, but he retired. At the turn of the 1820s and 1830s, he wrote "Philosophical letters". Nicholas I declared the author insane and sent him under house arrest under the supervision of doctors and the police. Later, Chaadaev wrote The "apology of a madman", which was illegally included in the lists. Chaadaev died alone in a strange house from pneumonia.

Слайд 9

The first "Philosophical letter" of eight was published in 1836. Five

more were published in 1935, and the remaining two were published only in the late 1980s.

"We are one of those Nations that are not part of humanity, but exist only to give the world an important lesson…From the first moment of our social existence we have done nothing for the common good of men; no useful thought has been born on the barren soil of our country; no great truth has come out of our midst; we have not taken the trouble to invent anything ourselves, and from what others have invented we have adopted only deceptive appearances and useless luxuries'. Ya. Chaadaev

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Philosophical ideas of P. Ya. Chaadaev
Russia remained outside the history of

world civilization, as it took religion and culture from Byzantium

In the West Chaadaev saw the ideas of enlightenment

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1840s-Westernism becomes an influential philosophical movement
Leading the Westerners
A. I. Herzen1812-1870
N. P.

Ogarev1813-1877

V. G. Belinsky1811-1848

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Westernism
Westerners believed
Russia should
Learn from Europe
Go through the stages of development of

Western countries

Learn the ideas of the enlightenment

To go to the only path of progress is the path of science and reason

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Slavophilism
Russia should
develop
along a special path
that is not

similar
to Western Europe

Goal

Development of a national Russian idea based on the religious traditions of Orthodoxy

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Alexey Stepanovich Khomyakov (1804-1860)
At the origins of Slavophilism is A. S.

Khomyakov. He was born into a rich noble family in Moscow. After graduating from the physics and mathematics Department of Moscow University, he entered the military service in the cavalry. He participated in the war with Turkey and was awarded three times for bravery. In retirement, he was engaged in philosophy and agriculture. To emphasize his beliefs, he wore a beard and dressed in an old Russian dress. Khomyakov had a phenomenal memory, knew many languages, was an expert in many Humanities and technical Sciences, a poet, a doctor and an inventor (among his inventions – a silent steam engine and a long-range rifle). He died during a cholera epidemic.

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Slavophiles
Ivan Vasilievich Kireevsky1806-1856
Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov1817-1860

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Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881)
Born in Moscow in a noble family.

After graduating from the Main engineering school in St. Petersburg, he began to engage in literary work, which was favorably received by critics. At this time, he is also interested in revolutionary ideas. In 1849, for "anti-government activities", he was arrested and sentenced to death. At the moment of waiting for the execution, a courier arrived with a decree to replace the execution with hard labor. Dostoevsky spends nine years in prison and exile. In 1859, he returned to St. Petersburg, where he worked as a writer.

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F. M. Dostoevsky's philosophical views
In the 1860s. Dostoevsky develops a program

of soil science

The connection of public life in Russia with the primordial national principles destroyed by Peter's reforms must be restored

Spirituality

Collectivism

Sobornost

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F. M. Dostoevsky about the man
To resolve urgent issues, you need

to address the soul of each individual person

Essence of man

Human freedom

Freedom of immorality

The self-destruction of man

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F. M. Dostoevsky about the man
A person
should independently
go to

freedom,
freeing himself from
passions,
temptations and
conventional authorities

This is a difficult path that involves suffering

Only suffering leads to redemption and gives complete freedom

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Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910)
Serious philosophical ideas are contained in the works of

Leo Tolstoy. In War and peace, he raises the question of the driving forces of history and criticizes the theory of "great personalities" as creators of history. For Tolstoy, the creators are not heroes and leaders, but the masses of the people, driven by historical necessity.

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Ethics Of L. N. Tolstoy
The idea of nonviolence
Do not create violence

and do not prepare for it

Do not take part in the violence of others (do not serve in the army, do not participate in the courts, etc.)

Don't approve of any violence

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For his views on religion in 1901, Leo Tolstoy was excommunicated

from the Church (anathema).

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VL.S. Solovyov
V. S. Solovyov was a significant figure in Russian philosophy.His

works became the main source of formation of religious philosophy of the XX century.These include:"Russia and the universal Church"," Justification of good"," The meaning of love", etc.

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Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (1853-1900)
He was born in the family of the

famous historian S. M. Solovyov. He studied at the historical-philological and physical-mathematical faculties of Moscow University. His religious philosophy was prompted by a vision of a Beautiful Lady, which was repeated three times: as a child, during classes in London, in Egypt. For Solovyov, this image became the basis of the philosophy of Eternal femininity, divine wisdom (Sophia). At the end of his life, Solovyov was unsettled and had serious disagreements with the Orthodox Church. Troubles undermined his health, and at the age of 47, he died.

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The Central idea of Solovyov's philosophy
Unity
Perfect synthesis of knowledge values, ways

of knowing the world

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The main points of the "philosophy of unity" VL.S. Solovyov

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Ontology Of VL.S. Solovyov
There is an absolute world as the embodiment

of the divine

This world is opposed by the visible, created world, which aspires to the divine

The intermediary between the worlds is the world soul

World soul-Sophia, "eternal femininity", similar to the image of the MOTHER of God

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Epistemology
Wholeness is only comprehended by the whole knowledge, in which they

are United

Knowledge

Empirical
(scientific)

Rational (philosophical)

Mystical

Faith
Intuition
Creation

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Axiology
Unity
Synthesis
Beauties
Truths
Goodness

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Ethics
Man separates himself from other beings
Through shame
Mercy indicates the solidarity of

all living things

Reverence is submission to the divine

These three components are combined in love

Russian philosophy

Содержание

Plan Stages of development of Russian philosophy, its school and current.

Stages of development of Russian philosophy

The most important philosophical trends of modern RussiaDialectical materialism Religious philosophy

Features of Russian philosophyClose attention to social issuesPopular worship – a

Main directions of Russian philosophyMain directions of Russian philosophyWesternismSlavophilism

Westernism Russia has no special path of developmentAll the national identity

Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev(1794-1856)At the origins of Westernism are the ideas of

The first "Philosophical letter" of eight was published in 1836. Five

Philosophical ideas of P. Ya. ChaadaevRussia remained outside the history of

1840s-Westernism becomes an influential philosophical movementLeading the WesternersA. I. Herzen1812-1870N. P.

WesternismWesterners believedRussia shouldLearn from EuropeGo through the stages of development of

Slavophilism Russia should develop along a special path that is not

Alexey Stepanovich Khomyakov (1804-1860)At the origins of Slavophilism is A. S.

SlavophilesIvan Vasilievich Kireevsky1806-1856Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov1817-1860

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Born in Moscow in a noble family.

F. M. Dostoevsky's philosophical viewsIn the 1860s. Dostoevsky develops a program

F. M. Dostoevsky about the manTo resolve urgent issues, you need

F. M. Dostoevsky about the manA person should independently go to

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) Serious philosophical ideas are contained in the works of

Ethics Of L. N. TolstoyThe idea of nonviolenceDo not create violence