Содержание
- 2. anxiety- definition A condition with physical, cognitive and emotional manifestations that cause them to experience an
- 3. Определение понятия Тревога Это душевное состояние , характеризующееся психологическими, физиологическими и когнитивными изменениями, вызывающие у того,
- 4. Не всякая Тревога патологична Нормальная Тревога Есть стрессор Выраженность реакция соответствует триггеру Проходит при отсутствии триггера
- 5. תפקידה החיובי של חרדה מוכנות- אנו נוטים להגיב יותר לאיומים המוכרים לנו מאלפי שנות אבולוציה (נחש,
- 6. Что хорошего в Тревоге? Готовность – мы легко реагируем на угрозы, знакомые нам в процессе тысячелетней
- 8. Benefits of anxiety Закон Давидсона: Функционирование улучшается с усилением тревоги до определенного уровня, после которого начинает
- 9. General considerations for anxiety disorders Often have an early onset- teens or early twenties Show 2:1
- 10. Общие сведения о тревожных расстройствах Часто имеют раннее начало - в подростковом возрасте или в начале
- 11. The differential diagnosis of anxiety. Psychiatric and Medical disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1985 Mar;8(1):3-23 Primary
- 12. Primary versus Secondary Anxiety Тревога может быть вызвано одним из основных тревожных расстройств ИЛИ вторичным, в
- 13. What characteristics of primary anxiety disorders predict subsequent major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004 May;65(5):618-25
- 14. Comorbid diagnoses После постановки диагноза тревожного расстройства критически важно провести скрининг на наличие других психиатрических диагнозов,
- 15. Anxiety disorders Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder (SAD) Panic disorder (PD) Agoraphobia Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
- 16. הבסיס הביולוגי של חרדה מבנים מעורבים: קורטקס פרונטלי מערכת לימבית היפוטלמוס, היפוקמפוס אמיגדלה גזע המוח ההיפופיזה
- 17. Биологическая база Тревоги Замешанные структуры: Лобные доли Лимбическая система Гипоталамус, Гипокампус Амигдала Ствол мога Гипофиз Adrenal
- 18. חרדה- מודלים ביולוגיים אמנם המחקר העכשווי מתמקד במבנים אנטומיים כגון האמיגדלה, ההיפוקמפוס ומסלולים נוירואנדוקרינים אבל... תגובות
- 19. אריק קנדל, חתן פרס נובל לרפואה/פיזיולוגיה לשנת 2000
- 20. האפליזיה קליפורניקה, רכיכת ים בעלת מערכת עצבים פרימיטיבית המורכבת מ- 20,000 נוירונים בלבד, חלקם הגדול עבים
- 21. נגיעה בסיפון של האפליזיה גורמת לרתיעה נגיעה חוזרת בסיפון של האפליזיה מפחיתה את הרתיעה = הביטואציה
- 22. נגיעה בחישני מגע נקלטת ב SN ה SN מעורר תגובה מוטורית ב MN הביטואציה= ירידה בכמות
- 23. תגובת דחק Fight or Flight תגובה פיזיולוגית לדחק מווסתת דרך ההיפותלמוס ומבנים נוספים מאפשרת להתגונן בפני
- 24. Fight or Flight Физиологическая реакция на стресс Адаптируется с помощью гипоталамуса и других мозговоых структур Позволяет
- 25. מה קורה בתגובה הסימפתטית? מתרחשת על ידי אדרנלין ונוראדרנלין מעלה קצב לב והתכווצות הלב קצב נשימה
- 26. Что происходи при реакции симпатической системы? Происходит с помошью адреналина и норадреналина Усиливает частоту и силу
- 28. Pierre Janet לכל אדם יש כבאנטום מובנה של אנרגיה נפשית ובמצב תקין אין פעילות מנטאלית תת
- 29. Sigmund Freud דחפים מיניים ואגרסיביים מסולקים מעל פני השטח בגלל מוסכמות ואיסורים (סופר אגו) והקונפליקט יוצר
- 30. A Developmental Hierarchy of Anxiety Superego anxiety Castration anxiety Fear of loss of love Separation anxiety
- 34. To Be or NOT to Be
- 35. אהרון בק: "בבסיס כל פסיכופתולוגיה עומדת הכללת יתר" דיכאון אופוריה, מאניה פאראנויה הפרעת חרדה עצבות שמחה
- 36. А. Барак: "В основе любой патологии лежит чрезмерное и необоснованное обобщение» Сниженое настроение Депрессия Радость Мания,
- 37. Pathological Anxiety כחלק מהפרעת הסתגלות כחלק ממחלה / הפרעה נפשית אחרת הפרעת חרדה ראשונית Maale Carmel
- 38. Pathological Anxiety
- 39. Primary Anxiety Disorders Нефобические тревожные реакции: GENERAILIZED ANXIETY DISORDER Фобические тревожные реакции: SIMPLE PHOBIA SOCIAL PHOBIA
- 40. אפידמיולוגיה ברוב המקרים נשים סובלות יותר, במיוחד בגילים בין 16 ל – 40. פחד קהל פי
- 41. Эпидемиология В большинстве своем женщины страдают чаще мужчин, в основном в возрасте 16-40 лет Социофобия в
- 42. Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders Существует значительная семейная наследсвенность PD, GAD, OCD and phobias. Исследования близнецов
- 43. Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders (life time prevalence %)
- 44. Anxiety Disorders
- 45. Panic Attacks and Agoraphobia are “unlinked” in DSM- 5 DSM- IV terminology describing different types of
- 46. Specific Phobia
- 47. SPECIFIC PHOBIA Animal Type Natural Environment Type (e.g., heights, storms, water) Blood-Injection-Injury Type Situational Type (e.g.,
- 48. Specific Phobia Выраженный или постоянный страх (> 6 месяцев), чрезмерный или необоснованный, вызванный присутствием или ожиданием
- 49. Specific Phobia Marked or persistent fear (>6 months) that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the
- 50. SPECIFIC PHOBIA Вне ситуации нормальное функционирование Избегание обеспечивает нормальное функционирование Высокая частота расстройства – до 20%
- 51. SPECIFIC PHOBIA The rest of the time normal functioning Avoidance allows for a normal life High
- 52. SOCIAL PHOBIA Подобно простой фобии, но здесь бессмысленный страх социального взаимодействия, отсюда: Более выраженные функциональные нарушения
- 53. SOCIAL PHOBIA Similar to simple phobia but here the senseless fear of social interaction, hence: More
- 54. SAD epidemiology 7% населения в целом Возраст наступления подростковый; чаще встречается у женщин. У половины пациентов
- 55. SAD epidemiology 7% of general population Age of onset teens; more common in women. Stein found
- 56. SAD A more problematic diagnosis (personality disorder) Two types: LIMITED PERVASIVE
- 57. What is going on in their brains?? Study of 16 SAD patients and 16 matched controls
- 58. What is going on in their brains?? Изучение 16 пациентов SAD и 16 контроля, во время
- 59. What is going on in their brains?? Both groups ↑ medial prefrontal cortex activity in response
- 60. What is going on in their brains?? Обе группы – обнаружена медиальная и префронтальная активность коры
- 61. What is going on in their brains?? Blair K. Et al. Social Norm Processing in Adult
- 62. Functional imaging studies in SAD Several studies have found hyperactivity of the amygdala even with a
- 63. Functional imaging studies in SAD Несколько исследований обнаружили гиперактивность Amygdala даже при слабой форме провокации (представление
- 64. Social Anxiety Disorder treatment Social skills training, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy Medication – SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs,
- 65. PANIC DISORDER Horror attack, extreme anxiety Spontaneous appears (at least at the beginning of the disease)
- 66. Panic Disorder Recurrent unexpected panic attacks and for a one month period or more of: Persistent
- 67. A Panic Attack is: Palpitations or rapid heart rate Sweating Trembling or shaking Shortness of breath
- 68. Panic disorder epidemiology 2-3% of general population; 5-10% of primary care patients. Onset in teens or
- 69. Things to keep in mind A panic attack ≠ panic disorder Panic disorder often has a
- 70. Panic Attacks with Agoraphobia Fear or avoidance of being in places or situations where there is
- 71. Panic Attacks with Agoraphobia Treatment: Combination of CBT treatment and medications: 1. Antidepressants 2. Anxiolytics for
- 72. Panic Disorder Comorbidity 50-60% have lifetime Major Depression One third have Current Depression 20-25% have history
- 73. Panic Disorder Etiology Drug/Alcohol Genetics Social learning Cognitive theories Neurobiology/conditioned fear Psychosocial stressors Prior separation anxiety
- 74. Treatment See 70% or better treatment response Education, reassurance, elimination of caffeine, alcohol, drugs, OTC stimulants
- 75. Agoraphobia Marked fear or anxiety for more than 6 months about two or more of the
- 76. Agoraphobia The individual fears or avoids these situations because escape might be difficult or help might
- 77. Prevalence 2% of the population Females to males - 2:1 Mean onset is 17 years 30%
- 78. Generalized Anxiety Excessive fear or anxiety, without any grasp of reality, is accompanied by expressions of
- 79. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- 80. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- 81. GAD Comorbidity 90% have at least one other lifetime Major Psychiatric Disorder 66% have another current
- 82. Long-Term Treatment Of GAD Need to treat long-term Full relapse in approximately 25% of patients 1
- 83. Pharmacotherapy for Anxiety Disorders Antidepressants Serotonin Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Atypical Antidepressants
- 84. Discontinuation of Treatment for Anxiety Disorders Withdrawal/rebound more common with Bzd than other anxiolytic treatment Relapse:
- 85. Strategies for Anxiolytic Discontinuation Slow taper Switch to longer-acting agent for taper Cognitive-Behavioral therapy Adjunctive Antidepressant
- 86. Strategies for Refractory Anxiety Disorder
- 87. Strategies for Refractory Anxiety Disorders Augmentation Anticonvulsants Gabapentin Valproate Topiramate Beta blocker Buspirone Clonidine/Guanfacine Pindolol -nonselective
- 88. Screening questions How ever experienced a panic attack? (Panic) Do you consider yourself a worrier? (GAD)
- 89. Screening questions Как часто испытываете приступы паники? Опишите, что Вы называете Паникой Считаете ли Вы себя
- 90. AGORAPHOBIA
- 93. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders New chapter in DSM-5 brings together anxiety disorders that are preceded by
- 94. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Новая глава в DSM-5 объединяет тревожные расстройства, которым предшествует тревожное или травматическое
- 95. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Acute Stress Disorder A. PTSD A Criterion B. No mandatory (e.g., dissociative,
- 96. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER A. Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation in
- 97. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER A. Воздействие фактической или вероятной смерти, серьезных травм или сексуальных действий одним (или
- 98. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER B. Presence of nine (or more) of the following symptoms from any of
- 99. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Intrusion symptoms: 1. Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s).
- 100. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Intrusion symptoms: 1. Повторяющиеся, непроизвольные и навязчивые тревожные воспоминания о травматическом событии (ы).
- 101. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Negative Mood 5. Persistent inability to experience positive emotions (e.g., inability to experience
- 102. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Negative Mood 5. Постоянная неспособность испытывать положительные эмоции (например, неспособность испытывать счастье, удовлетворение
- 103. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Avoidance Symptoms 8. Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings about or
- 104. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Avoidance Symptoms 8. Усилия, чтобы избежать тревожных воспоминаний, мыслей или чувств тесно связанных
- 105. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER Arousal Symptoms 10. Sleep disturbance (e.g., difficulty falling or staying asleep, restless sleep).
- 106. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER C. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criterion B) is 3 days to
- 107. ACUTE STRESS DISORDER C. Продолжительность нарушения (симптомы критериев B) составляет от 3 дней до 1 месяца
- 108. ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS
- 109. ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS C. The stress-related disturbance does not meet the criteria for another mental disorder and
- 110. ADJUSTMENT DISORDERS Specify whether: With depressed mood: Low mood, tearfulness, or feeling of hopelessness are predominant.
- 111. Chronic Adjustment Disorder Omitted by mistake from DSM-5 Acute AD – less than 6 months Chronic
- 112. Other Specified Trauma/Stressor-Related Disorder AD with duration more than 6 months without prolonged duration of stressor
- 113. Reactive Attachment Disorder
- 114. Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder Onset > 12 months after death of loved one Yearning/Sorrow/Pre-occupation with deceased
- 115. Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) Diagnostic Criteria-ICD The person experienced the death of a close relative
- 116. Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) Диагностические критерии-МКБ Человек пережил смерть близкого родственника или друга по крайней
- 117. Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) Preoccupation with the circumstances of the death. In children, this preoccupation
- 118. Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) Озабоченность обстоятельствами смерти. У детей эта забота об умерших может быть
- 119. Reactive Distress to the Death Marked difficulty accepting the death. In children, this is dependent on
- 120. Reactive Distress to the Death Значительные трудности принятия факта смерти. У детей это зависит от способности
- 121. Social/Identity Disruption A desire to die in order to be with the deceased. Difficulty trusting other
- 122. Social/Identity Disruption Стремление умереть, чтобы быть с покойным. Трудность доверять другим людям после смерти. Чувство одиночества
- 123. Specify if: With Traumatic Bereavement: Following a death that occurred under traumatic circumstances (homicide, suicide, disaster,
- 124. Specify if: С травматической утратой: После смерти, которая произошла при травматических обстоятельствах (убийство, самоубийство, катастрофа, или
- 125. Take home points Anxiety, and Related, and Trauma and Stressor-related disorders are common, common, common! There
- 127. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Changes in PTSD Criteria Четыре кластера симптомов, а не три Re-experiencing Avoidance
- 128. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Changes in PTSD Criteria DSM-5 more clearly defines what constitutes a traumatic
- 129. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Changes in PTSD Criteria DSM-5 более четко определяет, что представляет собой травматическое
- 130. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Changes in PTSD Criteria Recognition of PTSD in Young children Developmentally sensitive:
- 131. DSM-5: PTSD Criterion A A. The person was exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened
- 132. Criterion A (continued): 3. Indirectly, by learning that a close relative or close friend was exposed
- 133. Criterion A (continued): 3. Косвенно, узнать, что близкий родственник или близкий друг травмированы. Если событие связано
- 134. CRITERION B - Intrusion (5 Sx – Need 1) Recurrent, involuntary and intrusive recollections * *
- 135. C. Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing trauma-related stimuli after the event (1/2 symptoms needed): Trauma-related thoughts
- 136. CRITERION D – negative alterations in cognition & Mood (7 Sx – Need 2) Inability to
- 137. CRITERION D – negative alterations in cognition & Mood (7 Sx – Need 2) Неспособность вспомнить
- 138. CRITERION E – Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the traumatic
- 139. CRITERION E – Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the traumatic
- 140. PTSD Criteria for DSM-5 F. Persistence of symptoms (in Criteria B, C, D and E) for
- 141. Preschool Subtype: 6 Years or Younger Relative to broader diagnosis for adults (or those over 6
- 142. A. In children (younger than 6 years), exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or
- 143. DSM-5: Preschool PTSD Criterion B B. Presence of one or more intrusion symptoms associated with the
- 144. Preschool PTSD Criterion C One or more symptoms from either Criterion C or D below: C.
- 145. Preschool PTSD Criterion E E. Alterations in arousal and reactivity associated with the traumatic event,, as
- 146. Preschool PTSD for DSM-5 F. Duration (of Criteria B, C, D and E) is more than
- 147. Summary: PTSD in DSM-5 Perhaps PTSD should be re-conceptualized as a spectrum disorder in which several
- 148. Summary: PTSD in DSM-5 Возможно, ПТСР следует ре-концептуализировать как расстройство спектра, при котором несколько различных патологических
- 149. Dissociative Subtype of PTSD New subtype for both age groupings of PTSD diagnosis: Meets PTSD diagnostic
- 150. specifiers Specify whether: With dissociative symptoms: The individual’s symptoms meet the criteria for PTSD, and in
- 151. specifiers Укажите, есть ли: С диссоциативными симптомами: Симптомы человека отвечают критериям ПТСР, и, кроме того, в
- 152. CAPS Clinician Administered PTSD Scale National Center for PTSD (www.ptsd.va.gov) 20 item structured clinical interview Primarily
- 153. 1. (B1) Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive distressing memories of the traumatic event(s). Note: In children older
- 154. PCL Posttraumatic Check List National Center for PTSD (www.ptsd.va.gov) Simple, easy to administer Self-report or clinician
- 155. TRS Trauma Recovery Scale Gentry, 1996 Developed as an outcome instrument Good psychometrics (Chronbach’s a =
- 156. Early Sessions Graphic Time Line of life including ALL significant traumatic experiences Verbal Narrative using GTL
- 157. PTSD Epidemiology 7-9% of general population 60-80% of trauma victims 30% of combat veterans 50-80% of
- 158. PTSD Epidemiology Among the few diagnoses in DSM that speaks of etiology It is a severe
- 159. PTSD Epidemiology Среди немногих диагнозов в DSM, где известна этиология говорит об этиологии Это тяжелая умственная
- 160. Comorbidities Depression Other anxiety disorders Substance use disorders Somatization Dissociative disorders
- 161. Types of PTSD Acute PTSD - symptoms less than three months Chronic PTSD - symptoms more
- 162. Age of Onset and Cultural Features Can occur at any age, including childhood, and can affect
- 163. Onset
- 165. Course The symptoms and the relative predominance of re-experiencing, avoidance, and increased arousal symptoms may vary
- 166. Course Continued The severity, duration, and proximity of an individual’s exposure to a traumatic event are
- 167. Course Continued Тяжесть, продолжительность и близость воздействия травматического события являются наиболее важными факторами, влияющими на вероятность
- 168. Estimated Risk for Developing PTSD Based on Event Rape (49%) Severe beating or physical assault (31.9%),
- 169. Differential Diagnosis Anxiety disorders Acute Stress Disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder Adjustment disorder Depressive disorders Substance Abuse
- 170. PTSD Compared to Other Disorders While the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may seem similar
- 171. Differences between Acute Stress Disorder In general, the symptoms of acute stress disorder must occur within
- 172. Differences between PTSD and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Both have recurrent, intrusive thoughts as a symptom, but the
- 173. Differences Between PTSD and Adjustment Disorder PTSD symptoms can also seem similar to adjustment disorder because
- 174. Differences Between PTSD and Depression Depression after trauma and PTSD both may present numbing and avoidance
- 175. Who's more for it? Stressor Volume Sudden (Unexpected) Inability to control what is happening Sexual as
- 176. An adult's risk for psychological distress will increase as the number of the following factors increases:
- 177. An adult's risk for psychological distress will increase as the number of the following factors increases:
- 178. Why PTSD Victims Might Be Resistant to Getting Help Sometimes hard because people expect to be
- 179. Why PTSD Victims Might Be Resistant to Getting Help Потому что люди ожидают, что смогут справиться
- 180. During a Traumatic Event Norepinephrine- Mobilizing fear, the flight response, sympathetic activation, consolidating memory Too much
- 181. Treatment Individual Therapy Group Support (especially for Chronic PTSD) Medication
- 182. Treatment Continued For PTSD in children, adolescents, and geriatrics the preferred treatment is psychotherapy Acute PTSD
- 183. Treatment Continued Exposure Therapy- Education about common reactions to trauma, breathing retraining, and repeated exposure to
- 184. Treatment Continued Exposure Therapy- Объяснение об общих реакциях на травмы, обучение дыханию, и неоднократные обсуждения прошлых
- 185. Treatment Continued “Cognitive Restructuring involved teaching and reinforcing self-monitoring or thoughts and emotions, identifying automatic thoughts
- 186. Medications SSRIs – Sertraline, Paroxetine, Escitalopram, Fluvoxamine, Fluoxetine Affects the concentration and activity of the neurotransmitter
- 187. Medications Continued Tricyclic Antidepressants- Clomipramine , Doxepin, Nortriptyline, Amitriptyline, Maprotiline, Desipramine Affects concentration and activity of
- 188. Treatment With treatment, symptoms should improve after 3 months In Chronic PTSD cases, 1-2 years
- 189. Treatment Combination of antidepressant and anxiety medication In practice, you get to the whole spectrum of
- 190. Future Direction of Treatment Continued “Early Diagnosis and intervention- either psychotherapeutic or pharmacological- following trauma may
- 191. PTSD Myths PTSD is a complex disorder that often is misunderstood. Not everyone who experiences a
- 192. PTSD Myths MYTH: People should be able to move on with their lives after a traumatic
- 193. PTSD Myths Continued FACT: Many people who experience an extremely traumatic event go through an adjustment
- 194. PTSD Myths Continued FACT: Многие люди, которые испытывают чрезвычайно травматическое событие проходят через период адаптации после
- 195. PTSD Myths Continued MYTH: People suffer from PTSD right after they experience a traumatic event. FACT:
- 196. What is Prolonged Exposure? PE is a type of CBT, which is designed to specifically target
- 197. education about common reactions to trauma breathing retraining (or relaxation training) prolonged (repeated) exposure to trauma
- 198. Post-treatment data from a study conducted by Foa and colleagues (1999) comparing prolonged exposure (PE), stress
- 199. Combat Reaction Combat stress reaction, better known as "Shell Shock" is the post traumatic reaction of
- 200. The Background of Combat Reaction The transition from civilian life to military life is acute. The
- 201. The Background of Combat Reaction In wartime, a new and even more acute transition is added
- 202. The Background of Combat Reaction On the other hand, the soldier feels solidarity with his unit,
- 203. Risk Factors All the factors that influence the incidence of post-traumatic reactions in general, plus: Physical
- 204. Risk Factors Enforced passivity. When the soldier is deprived of activity and is in a state
- 205. PIE principles Proximity - treat the casualties close to the front and within sound of the
- 206. The US services recently use BICEPS principles: Brevity Immediacy Centrality or Contact Expectancy Proximity Simplicity
- 207. The US services recently use BICEPS principles: Краткости (Brevity ) Непосредственности (Immediacy) Центральность или контакт (Centrality
- 208. Treatment results Data from the 1982 Lebanon war showed that with proximal treatment 90% of CSR
- 209. Controversy Throughout wars but notably during the Vietnam War there has been a conflict amongst doctors
- 210. Controversy На протяжении войн, но особенно во время войны во Вьетнаме, был конфликт между врачами об
- 211. Holocaust syndrome First generation Second generation
- 212. Re-experiencing Intrusive thoughts Nightmares flashbacks Avoidance Hyperarousal Reminders Hyperarousal Angry outbursts Startle response Lacks concentration Disomnia
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