Social medicine and organization of health protection as science. Subject of method, meaning for practice of health protection

PLAN.

DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH.
WHAT IS HEALTH?
TASKS AND OBJECTIVES.
HISTORY OF PUBLIC

Public health is "the science and art of disease preventing , prolonging life and promoting health 
through the organized efforts and informed 
choices of society, organizations, 
public and private, communities and individuals" (1920, C.E.A. Winslow).

WHAT IS HEALTH?

"a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and
 not merely
 the absence of disease 
or infirmity", 
as defined 
World Health Organization.

WHO levels of health’ study:

1 level – health of the individual

The focus of public health intervention is
 to improve health and quality of life 
through the prevention and treatment of disease and other physical and mental
 health conditions, through surveillance of cases and 
the promotion of healthy behaviors. 

 Promotion of hand washing and breastfeeding, 
delivery of vaccinations, and distribution of
condoms to control the spread of
 sexually transmitted diseases are
 examples of common public
 health measures.

The three main public health functions are:

The assessment and monitoring of

Notable public health campaigns:

Vaccination and control of infectious diseases
Motor-vehicle safety
Safer workplaces
Safer

Social medicine studies the problems of public and individual health, factors

History of public health

 From the beginnings 
of human civilization, itwas recognized that 
polluted water and lack
 of proper waste disposal 
spread 
communicable diseases
 (theory of miasma)

 Early religions
 attempted
 to 
regulate behavior.
That specifically related to 
health, from types of
 food eaten, to regulating 
certain indulgent 
behaviors, such as
 drinking alcohol or sexual
 relations. 

By Roman times, it was well understood that proper diversion of human waste was a necessary tenet of public health in urban areas.

 The Chinese developed
 the practice of
variolation
 following a smallpox 
epidemic
 around 1000BC.  
The practice of 
vaccination
did not become 
prevalent until
 the 1820s,
 following the work 
of Edward Jenner 
to treat smallpox.

 Black Death in Europe

 Removing bodies
 of the  dead
did little to stem the
 plague, which was most likely spread by
 rodent-borne fleas. 
Burning parts of cities 
resulted in much
 greater benefit, since it
 destroyed the rodent
infestations. 

At Venice in 1348, public officials created a system of sanitary

 A Cholera pandemic
 devastated 
Europe between 1829- 1851, and was first
 fought by the use of what 
Foucault called
 "SOCIAL MEDICINE", which focused on flux, circulation of
 air, location 
of 
cemeteries, etc.

Dehydrated Cholera victim

The science of 
epidemiology was founded by 
John Snow's
 identification of a
 polluted
 public
 water well as the
 source of an 1854 cholera
 outbreak in London.
 Dr. Snow believed in the 
germ theory of disease as
 opposed to the prevailing 
miasma theory.

John Snow (1813-1858)anesthetist
wrote On the Mode of Communication of

Edwin Chadwick (1800-1890)pioneer in "sanitary awakening" in England
wrote Sanitary Condition of the

 PUBLIC HEALTH ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE 20C.

Vaccination programs and control of many infectious diseases including 
polio, diphtheria, yellow fever 
and
 smallpox;
 effective health and safety policies 
such as road traffic safety
 and occupational safety;

 PUBLIC HEALTH  ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE 20C.

 improved family planning
tobacco control measures;
 programs designed to 
decrease
non-communicable diseases
 by acting 
on known risk factors such
 as 
a person's
 background, 
lifestyle and environment.

One of the major sources of the increase in average life

These improvements included:

chlorination of drinking water,
filtration
sewage treatment
which led

Developing world -preventable/
treatable infectious diseases and poor maternal and child health

The WHO reports that a lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the

Intermittent preventive therapy aimed at treating and preventing malaria episodes among

Since the 1980s, the growing field of population health has broadened

As the prevalence
 of 
infectious diseases
 decreased through the 20th century, 
public health
 began to put more focus on chronic diseases such as
 cancer and 
heart disease.

What are the risk factors of diseases?

A risk factor is potential

GROUPS OF RISK FACTORS

1. Socio-economic factors (terms of labour, housing terms,

The academician RAMN of Y.P.Lisitsin proposed a next grouping health risk

LIFESTYLE
A way of living of individuals, families (households), and societies, which they manifest in coping with

For estimation of public health WOHP recommends the following indexes:

1. Deduction

Health of population consists of:

1. Medico-demographic indexes.
2. Indexes of morbidity.
3. Indexes

Physical development

is the complex of morphological and functional properties of organism,

The basic signs of physical development are:

1. Antropometric, which is based

Antropometric indexes – are used for control of children’physical development and

Quality of life.

Individuals’ perception of their position in life
in the context

Quality of life.

It is a broad ranging concept affected in a
complex