Anatomy of the human body

Июль 24, 2022

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Anatomy of the human body

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2. The human body consists of many systems. Today we will introduce you to the following systems:
3. Skeletal system The skeleton is compose of bones. The human skeleton has over 200 bones. The
4. Vertebra form the vertebral column. The vertebral column consist of cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae
5. The human body has 640 muscles There are three main types of muscle tissue: 1) smooth
6. The cardiovascular system The heart Arteries: carry blood away from heart Arterioles: small arteries Veins: Carry
7. Leucocytes (4,500 to 9,500 per cu mm) Erythrocytes (4,000,000 to 5,000,000 per cu mm) Thrombocytes (200
8. The respiratory system are the main organs of the respiratory system two lungs located in the
9. The respiratory system nose oral cavity trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
10. The digestive system the digestive tract digestive glands
11. The nervous system the most complicated mechanism weight is from one to two kg volume of
12. The nervous system the nervous cells of the cortex are the most delicate the nerve cells
13. The lymphatic system The tonsils, spleen, and thymus are all part of the lymphatic system.
14. The reproductive system The male system consist of the testicles, penis, prostate, seminal vesicles, urethra, typewriter
15. The excretory system Harmful substances entering the blood are removed from the body by the excretory
16. The human excretory system includes the kidneys and their functional unit, the nephron, the skin and
17. The endocrine system The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the
18. In the brain the hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland are involved in the regulation of other
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Слайд 2

The human body consists of many systems. Today we will introduce

you to the following systems: skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous, lymphatic, reproductive, excretory and endocrine system.

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Skeletal system
The skeleton is compose of bones. The human skeleton has over

200 bones.
The bones of the skull are connected with the first cervical vertebra.
There are 26 bones of the skull.

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Vertebra form the vertebral column. The vertebral column consist of cervical, thoracic,

lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx. In the spine there are 32 or 34 vertebrae.
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.

The breastbone is a long bone in the middle of the chest.
Ribs connect with the breastbone with the help of cartilages and ligaments.
The breastbone connects with 7 ribs on each side of the chest

The upper extremity is formed by arm, forearm and hand.
The lower extremity is formed by thigh, leg and foot

Skeletal system

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The human body has 640 muscles
There are three main types of

muscle tissue:
1) smooth muscles,
2) striated muscles,
3) heart muscle.

Muscles are important for the functioning of the body.

The muscle system

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The cardiovascular system
The heart
Arteries: carry blood away from heart
Arterioles: small arteries
Veins:

Carry blood toward heart
Venules: small veins

Capillaries: microscopic blood vessels that carry blood from arterioles to venules

The heart consists of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts: the atrium and the ventricle.
The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium.

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Leucocytes (4,500 to 9,500 per cu mm)
Erythrocytes (4,000,000 to 5,000,000 per

cu mm)

Thrombocytes (200 000- 400 000 per cu mm)

Blood is composed of plasma and the corpuscular elements which are called red corpuscles or erythrocytes, white corpuscles or leucocytes and blood platelets or thrombocytes.

The cardiovascular system

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The respiratory system
are the main organs of the respiratory system
two lungs

located in the chest
the right lung consisting of three lobes
the left lung consisting of two lobes

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The respiratory system
nose
oral cavity
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

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The digestive system
the digestive tract
digestive glands

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The nervous system
the most complicated mechanism
weight is from one to two

kg
volume of about 3.21 litres
about 12 billion cells

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The nervous system
the nervous cells of the cortex are the most

delicate
the nerve cells in the brain can be «put to sleep»
stimuli comes into the brain through the spinal cord
sleep is of a great protective

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The lymphatic system
The tonsils, spleen, and thymus are all part of

the lymphatic system.

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The reproductive system
The male system consist of the testicles, penis, prostate,

seminal vesicles, urethra, typewriter and epididymis.
Male germ cell is called sperm.
Male sex hormones are called androgens.
The main androgen is testosterone

The female system consist of ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, fallopian tubes and external genitals.
Female germ cell is called ova.
Female sex hormones are called estrogens.

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The excretory system
Harmful substances entering the blood are removed from the

body by the excretory organs, namely the kidneys, skin and lungs

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The human excretory system includes the kidneys and their functional unit,

the nephron, the skin and the lungs

The human kidneys are the major organs of bodily excretion.

Sweat is released through the skin

When they exhale, they release
carbon dioxide, which accumulates
in the blood as waste from cellular respiration

The excretory system

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The endocrine system
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising

feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs.

The key mechanism of the endocrine system is the hormone.

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In the brain the hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal gland are involved

in the regulation of other endocrine organs
The neck contains the thyroid and parathyroid glands.
Endocrine system in the body consists of a number of glands, which produce regulatory substances