Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Август 3, 2022

Главная
Медицина
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Содержание

2. HISTORICAL REVIEW 5000 - first artificial mouth to mouth 3000 BC ventilation 1780 – first attempt
3. Causes of cardiac arrest cardiac extracardiac Primary lesion of cardiac muscle leading to the progressive decline
4. Causes of circulation arrest Cardiac Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, stenocardia) Arrhythmias of different origin and
5. Diagnosis of cardiac arrest Symptoms of cardiac arrest absence of pulse on carotid arteries – a
6. Sequence of operations Check responsiveness Call for help Correctly place the victim and ensure the open
7. In case of unconsciousness it is necessary to estimate quickly the open airway respiration hemodynamics
8. Main stages of resuscitation C (Circulation) – restore the circulation by external cardiac massage A (Airway)
9. A (Airway) ensure open airway
10. Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too
11. B (Breathing) Tilt the head back and listen for. If not breathing normally, pinch nose and
12. mouth to mouth or mouth to nose respiration ventilation by a face mask and a self-inflating
13. C. Circulation Restore the circulation, that is start external cardiac massage
14. 2 mechanisms explaining the restoration of circulation by external cardiac massage Cardiac pump Thoracic pump
15. Cardiac pump during the cardiac massage Blood pumping is assured by the compression of heart between
16. Thoracic pump at the cardiac massage Blood circulation is restored due to the change in intra
17. ALGORITHM of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 4 cycles: 15 compression and 2 breaths 10 cycles: 5 compression and
18. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OR PULSELESS TACHYCARDIA Witnessed Unwitnessed Precordial thump Check pulse, if none: Begin CPR Defibrillate
19. Possible arrhythmias after cardiac defibrillation ventricular tachycardia bradyarrythmia including electromechanical dissociation and asystole supraventricular arrhythmia accompanied
20. Operations in case of asystole Asystole Start CPR IV line Adrenaline:IV 1 mg, each 3-5 min.
22. Скачать презентацию

Слайд 2

HISTORICAL REVIEW
5000 - first artificial mouth to mouth 3000 BC ventilation
1780

– first attempt of newborn resuscitation by blowing
1874 – first experimental direct cardiac massage
1901 – first successful direct cardiac massage in man
1946 – first experimental indirect cardiac massage and defibrillation
1960 – indirect cardiac massage
1980 – development of cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to the works of Peter Safar

Слайд 3

Causes of cardiac arrest
cardiac
extracardiac
Primary lesion of cardiac muscle leading to the

progressive decline of contractility, conductivity disorders, mechanical factors

all cases accompanied with hypoxia

Слайд 4

Causes of circulation arrest
Cardiac
Ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, stenocardia)
Arrhythmias of different

origin and character
Electrolytic disorders
Valvular disease
Cardiac tamponade
Pulmonary artery thromboembolism
Ruptured aneurysm of aorta

Extracardiac
airway obstruction
acute respiratory failure
shock
reflector cardiac arrest
embolisms of different origin
drug overdose
electrocution
poisoning

Слайд 5

Diagnosis of cardiac arrest
Symptoms of cardiac arrest
absence of pulse

on carotid arteries – a pathognomonic symptom
respiration arrest – may be in 30 seconds after cardiac arrest
enlargement of pupils – may be in 90 seconds after cardiac arrest

Blood pressure measurement

Taking the pulse on peripheral arteries

Auscultation of cardiac tones

Loss of time !!!

Слайд 6

Sequence of operations
Check responsiveness
Call for help
Correctly place the

victim and ensure the open airway
Check the presence of spontaneous respiration
Check pulse
Start external cardiac massage and artificial ventilation

Слайд 7

In case of unconsciousness it is necessary to estimate quickly
the

open airway
respiration
hemodynamics

Слайд 8

Main stages of resuscitation
C (Circulation) – restore the circulation by external

cardiac massage
A (Airway) – ensure open airway by preventing the falling back of tongue, tracheal intubation if possible
B (Breathing) – start artificial ventilation of lungs
D (Differentiation, Drugs, Defibrilation) – quickly perform differential diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use different medication and electric defibrillation in case of ventricular fibrillation

Слайд 9

A (Airway)
ensure open airway

Слайд 10

Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do

not tilt the head too far back

Check the pulse on carotid artery using fingers of the other hand

Слайд 11

B (Breathing)
Tilt the head back and listen for. If not breathing

normally, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise.

Слайд 12

mouth to mouth or mouth to nose respiration
ventilation by a face

mask and a self-inflating bag with oxygen

2 initial subsequent breaths

wait for the end of expiration

10-12 breaths per minute with a volume of app. 800 ml, each breath should take 1,5-2 seconds

Algorithm
for artificial ventilation

Слайд 13

C. Circulation
Restore the circulation, that is start external cardiac massage

Слайд 14

2 mechanisms explaining the restoration of circulation by external cardiac massage
Cardiac

pump

Thoracic pump

Слайд 15

Cardiac pump during the cardiac massage
Blood pumping is assured by the

compression of heart between sternum and spine

Between compressions thoracic cage is expanding and heart is filled with blood

Слайд 16

Thoracic pump at the cardiac massage
Blood circulation is restored due to

the change in intra thoracic pressure and jugular and subclavian vein valves
During the chest compression blood is directed from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation. Cardiac valves function as in normal cardiac cycle.

Слайд 17

ALGORITHM of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
4 cycles: 15 compression and 2 breaths
10 cycles:

5 compression and 1 breath

check the pulse on carotid arteries (5 sec)

in case of absence of pulse continue resuscitation

2 breaths (duration 1 – 1.5 sec.)

palpation of pulse on carotid arteries (5 – 10 sec.)

in case of absence of pulse initiate external cardiac massage

1 person

compression rate 80 – 100/min.
compression/breath = 15 : 2

compression rate 80 – 100/min
compression/breath = 5 : 1

2 breaths in 4 – 7 sec.

breath during 1 – 1.5 sec. after each 5th compression

2 persons

Слайд 18

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OR PULSELESS TACHYCARDIA
Witnessed
Unwitnessed
Precordial thump
Check pulse, if none:
Begin CPR
Defibrillate with

200 joules
Defibrillate with 200-300 joules
Establish IV access, intubate
Adrenaline 1 mg push
Defibrillate with 360 joules
Lidocaine 1 mg/kg IV, ET
Defibrillate with 360 joules

Слайд 19

Possible arrhythmias after cardiac defibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
bradyarrythmia including electromechanical dissociation and asystole
supraventricular

arrhythmia accompanied with tachycardia
supraventricular arrhythmia with normal blood pressure and pulse rate

Слайд 20

Operations in case of asystole
Asystole
Start CPR
IV line
Adrenaline:IV 1

mg, each 3-5 min.
or
intratracheal 2 - 2.5 mg
in the absence of effect increase the dose
Atropine 1 mg push (repeated once in 5 min)
Na Bicarbonate 1 Eq/kg IV
Consider pacing

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Содержание

HISTORICAL REVIEW 5000 - first artificial mouth to mouth 3000 BC ventilation1780

Causes of cardiac arrestcardiacextracardiacPrimary lesion of cardiac muscle leading to the

Causes of circulation arrestCardiacIschemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, stenocardia)Arrhythmias of different

Diagnosis of cardiac arrestSymptoms of cardiac arrest absence of pulse

Sequence of operations Check responsiveness Call for help Correctly place the

In case of unconsciousness it is necessary to estimate quickly the

Main stages of resuscitationC (Circulation) – restore the circulation by external

A (Airway) ensure open airway

Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do

B (Breathing)Tilt the head back and listen for. If not breathing

mouth to mouth or mouth to nose respirationventilation by a face

C. CirculationRestore the circulation, that is start external cardiac massage

2 mechanisms explaining the restoration of circulation by external cardiac massageCardiac

Cardiac pump during the cardiac massageBlood pumping is assured by the

Thoracic pump at the cardiac massageBlood circulation is restored due to

ALGORITHM of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation4 cycles: 15 compression and 2 breaths10 cycles:

VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OR PULSELESS TACHYCARDIAWitnessedUnwitnessedPrecordial thumpCheck pulse, if none:Begin CPRDefibrillate with

Possible arrhythmias after cardiac defibrillationventricular tachycardiabradyarrythmia including electromechanical dissociation and asystolesupraventricular

Operations in case of asystoleAsystole Start CPR IV line Adrenaline:IV 1

Похожие презентации