Trypanosomiasis

Август 23, 2022

Содержание

2. Introduction The name is derived from Greek word, trypano means (borer) soma means (body) They are
3. Trypanosoma
4. Morphology of trypanosome
5. African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)
6. The parasites Belong to a group of closely related trypanosomes in the Trypanosoma brucei species complex.
7. T. rhodesiense causes E. African trypanosomiasis T. gambiense causes W. and Central African sleeping sickness Distribution
8. Trypanosoma brucei species
10. Transmission A bite from an infected tsetse fly causes African trypanosomiasis. Blood transfusions are a rare
11. Life cycle
12. Pathogenesis
13. Clinical presentation Incubation period may be from few days to weeks. The first clinical manifestation of
15. Clinical presentation
16. Diagnosis
17. Diagnosis General Anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, low complement levels, elevated ESR, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, but not eosinophilia or abnormal
18. Imaging Studies CT scanning and MRI of the head: Both head CT scanning and MRI reveal
19. Treatment
20. American Trypanosomiasis ( Chagas Disease)
21. Distribution
22. Morphology
23. Transmission
24. Life cycle
25. Transmission
26. Pathogenesis
27. Pathogenesis
28. Diagnosis
29. Diagnosis (Xenodiagnosis)
30. Diagnosis
31. Clinical presentation Chronic stage. In chronic stage these parasites reside in heart and midgut, and some
32. Clinical presentation Gigantism of midgut
33. Treatment
35. Скачать презентацию

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Introduction
The name is derived from Greek word,
trypano means (borer)
soma

means (body)
They are unicellular flagellate protozoa.
Have spiral like motion.
Need more than one host to complete its life cycle.
Often transmitted by a vector.
Generally found in intestine, but some time found in blood stream or in heart.

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Trypanosoma

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Morphology of trypanosome

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African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness)

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The parasites
Belong to a group of closely related trypanosomes in

the Trypanosoma brucei species complex. Three morphologically indistinguishable species are recognized:
T. brucei infects game animals/livestock (causes nagana)
T. rhodesiense causes E. African trypanosomiasis
T. gambiense causes W. and Central African sleeping sickness
(Some authors consider these as subspecies: T. brucei brucei, T. b. rhodesiense, T. b. gambiense.)

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T. rhodesiense causes E. African trypanosomiasis
T. gambiense causes W. and Central African sleeping

sickness

Distribution

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Trypanosoma brucei species

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Transmission
A bite from an infected tsetse fly causes African trypanosomiasis.
Blood transfusions

are a rare cause of parasitic transmission.
In rare cases, accidental transmission in the laboratory has been implicated.

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Life cycle

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Pathogenesis

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Clinical presentation
Incubation period may be from few days to weeks.
The

first clinical manifestation of African trypanosomiasis chancre occurs at the site of inoculation .

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Clinical presentation

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Diagnosis

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Diagnosis
General
Anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, low complement levels, elevated ESR, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, but not

eosinophilia or abnormal liver function.
The total IgM level is higher in blood and CSF.
A definitive diagnosis of infection requires actual detection of trypanosomes in blood, lymph nodes, CSF, skin chancre aspirates, or bone marrow.
However, symptomatic improvement after empiric treatment is the usual confirmatory test in areas where diagnostic studies are not readily available.

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Imaging Studies
CT scanning and MRI of the head: Both head CT

scanning and MRI reveal cerebral edema and white matter enhancement, respectively, in patients with late-stage African trypanosomiasis.
EEG in neurologic involvement usually shows slow wave oscillations (delta waves), a nonspecific finding

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